Can my ISP see whether or not I have a WiFi password?
I'm interested in knowing if my ISP can see if I'm using a password for my wireless router or not and, in the case they can, if they can also see my password.
I'm using both wired (computer) and wireless (phone) connections. I'm in essence wondering if they can see if it's a protected or unprotected network. I'm in Sweden, if that matters.
networking wireless-networking router
add a comment |
I'm interested in knowing if my ISP can see if I'm using a password for my wireless router or not and, in the case they can, if they can also see my password.
I'm using both wired (computer) and wireless (phone) connections. I'm in essence wondering if they can see if it's a protected or unprotected network. I'm in Sweden, if that matters.
networking wireless-networking router
add a comment |
I'm interested in knowing if my ISP can see if I'm using a password for my wireless router or not and, in the case they can, if they can also see my password.
I'm using both wired (computer) and wireless (phone) connections. I'm in essence wondering if they can see if it's a protected or unprotected network. I'm in Sweden, if that matters.
networking wireless-networking router
I'm interested in knowing if my ISP can see if I'm using a password for my wireless router or not and, in the case they can, if they can also see my password.
I'm using both wired (computer) and wireless (phone) connections. I'm in essence wondering if they can see if it's a protected or unprotected network. I'm in Sweden, if that matters.
networking wireless-networking router
networking wireless-networking router
edited Aug 22 at 3:22
Blackwood
2,88561727
2,88561727
asked Aug 21 at 20:59
Jamiou
262
262
add a comment |
add a comment |
5 Answers
5
active
oldest
votes
It depends.
If your wireless router is managed by your ISP, then they may be able to see whether your wireless network is password protected or not and possibly even the password. As an example, Comcast had an issue like this where customer Wi-Fi passwords were leaked.
If, however, you purchased your own wireless router, then your ISP should not be able to access any of that information.
1
In NYC Time Warner Cable/Spectrum routers send passwords back
– David Grinberg
Aug 22 at 4:24
2
If the wireless router is managed by the ISP, they can usually read more config data than you and take-over the router in a blink.
– Mast
Aug 22 at 7:08
add a comment |
If it's an ISP supplied router, especially a modem/router combo, or if they have some additional control over it - it is possible. If it's your own router, short of having someone wander around checking, it's highly unlikely.
However, some ISPs might suspend service due to "suspicious" activities or send you nastygrams.
On your own router or routers - it should be impossible for the ISP to see your wifi password (it would be a nasty security hole), nor should there be any reason for them to need your wifi password (so they shouldn't need to know it, or ask for it).
Even with many ISP supplied routers, the password is randomised on a router in a sealed box so it is unlikely the ISP will know what it is.
Any service that sends your password to a third party is a terrible idea. People sometimes don't realise things are terrible ideas. If you suspect your ISP is doing this, you may want to check, both online and with the ISP, what their services are.
Unless you're on a farm or wilderness area, they could check with google's database of wifi's found at your location during mapping, or if they are also a cellphone provider (or partner with one, or some) they could have reports from cellphones that have been used near your location. Nit: this could tell them if your wifi uses a secure protocol like WPA2, but not specifically a password, e.g. you could be using some forms of EAP.
– dave_thompson_085
Aug 22 at 7:21
In terms of the password, Spectrum when installing a service for me said the password was chang3me. Not very randomized
– Hogstrom
Aug 22 at 16:46
Hence me saying with many, not all.
– Journeyman Geek♦
Aug 23 at 10:45
add a comment |
The things to consider are what means would your ISP have to determine the state of your home network.
Things will vary from ISP to ISP. That said, if you bought the bundle where they provide the modem and router chances are pretty good they set some knowable values and may have even "stored them to trouble shoot". Worst case scenario imho.
If you have your own equipment there are still things that they can mine from you. They can sniff your traffic (if its not encrypted) and store DNS results. Build a profile on your likes and dislikes.
They also could potentially sniff the wireless network to crack the encryption to look at you traffic but that would seem unlikely. Possible, but, it would be expensive and they would probably only do that as part of some legal action.
Best advice I have is assume your network is not safe and use a VPN to access your favorite services and the majority of your profile would be hidden.
add a comment |
Indeed, as Worthwelle puts it, whether an ISP can know the WiFi password depends on whether your wireless router is your own (That is, it is provided by the ISP or purchased by yourself).
I would like to add that the encryption modes currently available in wireless routers are: WEP, WPA-PSK (TKIP), WPA2-PSK (AES) and WPA-PSK (TKIP) + WPA2-PSK (AES). They can all encrypt the data, making our network a protected network, whether the router we use is ISP's or purchased by ourselves.
So it depends on whether the ISP knows whether the router uses a certain encryption scheme to determine whether the ISP knows whether it is a protected network or an unprotected network.
add a comment |
Something to remember is that you are on your ISP's network, and they usually can directly connect to yours (depending on the individual users permissions within the ISP), if you have a provided router that came with a default username/password and you haven't changed it, they will most likely be able to access the configuration of your router.
If you have brought a new router, then as long as you have changed the login details then they won't be able to see the configuration.
Source: I worked for an ISP (In the software dept.)
routers have disabled WAN access by default
– phuclv
Sep 8 at 16:04
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "3"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});
function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});
}
});
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fsuperuser.com%2fquestions%2f1351119%2fcan-my-isp-see-whether-or-not-i-have-a-wifi-password%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
5 Answers
5
active
oldest
votes
5 Answers
5
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
It depends.
If your wireless router is managed by your ISP, then they may be able to see whether your wireless network is password protected or not and possibly even the password. As an example, Comcast had an issue like this where customer Wi-Fi passwords were leaked.
If, however, you purchased your own wireless router, then your ISP should not be able to access any of that information.
1
In NYC Time Warner Cable/Spectrum routers send passwords back
– David Grinberg
Aug 22 at 4:24
2
If the wireless router is managed by the ISP, they can usually read more config data than you and take-over the router in a blink.
– Mast
Aug 22 at 7:08
add a comment |
It depends.
If your wireless router is managed by your ISP, then they may be able to see whether your wireless network is password protected or not and possibly even the password. As an example, Comcast had an issue like this where customer Wi-Fi passwords were leaked.
If, however, you purchased your own wireless router, then your ISP should not be able to access any of that information.
1
In NYC Time Warner Cable/Spectrum routers send passwords back
– David Grinberg
Aug 22 at 4:24
2
If the wireless router is managed by the ISP, they can usually read more config data than you and take-over the router in a blink.
– Mast
Aug 22 at 7:08
add a comment |
It depends.
If your wireless router is managed by your ISP, then they may be able to see whether your wireless network is password protected or not and possibly even the password. As an example, Comcast had an issue like this where customer Wi-Fi passwords were leaked.
If, however, you purchased your own wireless router, then your ISP should not be able to access any of that information.
It depends.
If your wireless router is managed by your ISP, then they may be able to see whether your wireless network is password protected or not and possibly even the password. As an example, Comcast had an issue like this where customer Wi-Fi passwords were leaked.
If, however, you purchased your own wireless router, then your ISP should not be able to access any of that information.
answered Aug 21 at 21:15
Worthwelle
2,65231125
2,65231125
1
In NYC Time Warner Cable/Spectrum routers send passwords back
– David Grinberg
Aug 22 at 4:24
2
If the wireless router is managed by the ISP, they can usually read more config data than you and take-over the router in a blink.
– Mast
Aug 22 at 7:08
add a comment |
1
In NYC Time Warner Cable/Spectrum routers send passwords back
– David Grinberg
Aug 22 at 4:24
2
If the wireless router is managed by the ISP, they can usually read more config data than you and take-over the router in a blink.
– Mast
Aug 22 at 7:08
1
1
In NYC Time Warner Cable/Spectrum routers send passwords back
– David Grinberg
Aug 22 at 4:24
In NYC Time Warner Cable/Spectrum routers send passwords back
– David Grinberg
Aug 22 at 4:24
2
2
If the wireless router is managed by the ISP, they can usually read more config data than you and take-over the router in a blink.
– Mast
Aug 22 at 7:08
If the wireless router is managed by the ISP, they can usually read more config data than you and take-over the router in a blink.
– Mast
Aug 22 at 7:08
add a comment |
If it's an ISP supplied router, especially a modem/router combo, or if they have some additional control over it - it is possible. If it's your own router, short of having someone wander around checking, it's highly unlikely.
However, some ISPs might suspend service due to "suspicious" activities or send you nastygrams.
On your own router or routers - it should be impossible for the ISP to see your wifi password (it would be a nasty security hole), nor should there be any reason for them to need your wifi password (so they shouldn't need to know it, or ask for it).
Even with many ISP supplied routers, the password is randomised on a router in a sealed box so it is unlikely the ISP will know what it is.
Any service that sends your password to a third party is a terrible idea. People sometimes don't realise things are terrible ideas. If you suspect your ISP is doing this, you may want to check, both online and with the ISP, what their services are.
Unless you're on a farm or wilderness area, they could check with google's database of wifi's found at your location during mapping, or if they are also a cellphone provider (or partner with one, or some) they could have reports from cellphones that have been used near your location. Nit: this could tell them if your wifi uses a secure protocol like WPA2, but not specifically a password, e.g. you could be using some forms of EAP.
– dave_thompson_085
Aug 22 at 7:21
In terms of the password, Spectrum when installing a service for me said the password was chang3me. Not very randomized
– Hogstrom
Aug 22 at 16:46
Hence me saying with many, not all.
– Journeyman Geek♦
Aug 23 at 10:45
add a comment |
If it's an ISP supplied router, especially a modem/router combo, or if they have some additional control over it - it is possible. If it's your own router, short of having someone wander around checking, it's highly unlikely.
However, some ISPs might suspend service due to "suspicious" activities or send you nastygrams.
On your own router or routers - it should be impossible for the ISP to see your wifi password (it would be a nasty security hole), nor should there be any reason for them to need your wifi password (so they shouldn't need to know it, or ask for it).
Even with many ISP supplied routers, the password is randomised on a router in a sealed box so it is unlikely the ISP will know what it is.
Any service that sends your password to a third party is a terrible idea. People sometimes don't realise things are terrible ideas. If you suspect your ISP is doing this, you may want to check, both online and with the ISP, what their services are.
Unless you're on a farm or wilderness area, they could check with google's database of wifi's found at your location during mapping, or if they are also a cellphone provider (or partner with one, or some) they could have reports from cellphones that have been used near your location. Nit: this could tell them if your wifi uses a secure protocol like WPA2, but not specifically a password, e.g. you could be using some forms of EAP.
– dave_thompson_085
Aug 22 at 7:21
In terms of the password, Spectrum when installing a service for me said the password was chang3me. Not very randomized
– Hogstrom
Aug 22 at 16:46
Hence me saying with many, not all.
– Journeyman Geek♦
Aug 23 at 10:45
add a comment |
If it's an ISP supplied router, especially a modem/router combo, or if they have some additional control over it - it is possible. If it's your own router, short of having someone wander around checking, it's highly unlikely.
However, some ISPs might suspend service due to "suspicious" activities or send you nastygrams.
On your own router or routers - it should be impossible for the ISP to see your wifi password (it would be a nasty security hole), nor should there be any reason for them to need your wifi password (so they shouldn't need to know it, or ask for it).
Even with many ISP supplied routers, the password is randomised on a router in a sealed box so it is unlikely the ISP will know what it is.
Any service that sends your password to a third party is a terrible idea. People sometimes don't realise things are terrible ideas. If you suspect your ISP is doing this, you may want to check, both online and with the ISP, what their services are.
If it's an ISP supplied router, especially a modem/router combo, or if they have some additional control over it - it is possible. If it's your own router, short of having someone wander around checking, it's highly unlikely.
However, some ISPs might suspend service due to "suspicious" activities or send you nastygrams.
On your own router or routers - it should be impossible for the ISP to see your wifi password (it would be a nasty security hole), nor should there be any reason for them to need your wifi password (so they shouldn't need to know it, or ask for it).
Even with many ISP supplied routers, the password is randomised on a router in a sealed box so it is unlikely the ISP will know what it is.
Any service that sends your password to a third party is a terrible idea. People sometimes don't realise things are terrible ideas. If you suspect your ISP is doing this, you may want to check, both online and with the ISP, what their services are.
edited Dec 13 at 9:13
answered Aug 22 at 3:49
Journeyman Geek♦
112k43216366
112k43216366
Unless you're on a farm or wilderness area, they could check with google's database of wifi's found at your location during mapping, or if they are also a cellphone provider (or partner with one, or some) they could have reports from cellphones that have been used near your location. Nit: this could tell them if your wifi uses a secure protocol like WPA2, but not specifically a password, e.g. you could be using some forms of EAP.
– dave_thompson_085
Aug 22 at 7:21
In terms of the password, Spectrum when installing a service for me said the password was chang3me. Not very randomized
– Hogstrom
Aug 22 at 16:46
Hence me saying with many, not all.
– Journeyman Geek♦
Aug 23 at 10:45
add a comment |
Unless you're on a farm or wilderness area, they could check with google's database of wifi's found at your location during mapping, or if they are also a cellphone provider (or partner with one, or some) they could have reports from cellphones that have been used near your location. Nit: this could tell them if your wifi uses a secure protocol like WPA2, but not specifically a password, e.g. you could be using some forms of EAP.
– dave_thompson_085
Aug 22 at 7:21
In terms of the password, Spectrum when installing a service for me said the password was chang3me. Not very randomized
– Hogstrom
Aug 22 at 16:46
Hence me saying with many, not all.
– Journeyman Geek♦
Aug 23 at 10:45
Unless you're on a farm or wilderness area, they could check with google's database of wifi's found at your location during mapping, or if they are also a cellphone provider (or partner with one, or some) they could have reports from cellphones that have been used near your location. Nit: this could tell them if your wifi uses a secure protocol like WPA2, but not specifically a password, e.g. you could be using some forms of EAP.
– dave_thompson_085
Aug 22 at 7:21
Unless you're on a farm or wilderness area, they could check with google's database of wifi's found at your location during mapping, or if they are also a cellphone provider (or partner with one, or some) they could have reports from cellphones that have been used near your location. Nit: this could tell them if your wifi uses a secure protocol like WPA2, but not specifically a password, e.g. you could be using some forms of EAP.
– dave_thompson_085
Aug 22 at 7:21
In terms of the password, Spectrum when installing a service for me said the password was chang3me. Not very randomized
– Hogstrom
Aug 22 at 16:46
In terms of the password, Spectrum when installing a service for me said the password was chang3me. Not very randomized
– Hogstrom
Aug 22 at 16:46
Hence me saying with many, not all.
– Journeyman Geek♦
Aug 23 at 10:45
Hence me saying with many, not all.
– Journeyman Geek♦
Aug 23 at 10:45
add a comment |
The things to consider are what means would your ISP have to determine the state of your home network.
Things will vary from ISP to ISP. That said, if you bought the bundle where they provide the modem and router chances are pretty good they set some knowable values and may have even "stored them to trouble shoot". Worst case scenario imho.
If you have your own equipment there are still things that they can mine from you. They can sniff your traffic (if its not encrypted) and store DNS results. Build a profile on your likes and dislikes.
They also could potentially sniff the wireless network to crack the encryption to look at you traffic but that would seem unlikely. Possible, but, it would be expensive and they would probably only do that as part of some legal action.
Best advice I have is assume your network is not safe and use a VPN to access your favorite services and the majority of your profile would be hidden.
add a comment |
The things to consider are what means would your ISP have to determine the state of your home network.
Things will vary from ISP to ISP. That said, if you bought the bundle where they provide the modem and router chances are pretty good they set some knowable values and may have even "stored them to trouble shoot". Worst case scenario imho.
If you have your own equipment there are still things that they can mine from you. They can sniff your traffic (if its not encrypted) and store DNS results. Build a profile on your likes and dislikes.
They also could potentially sniff the wireless network to crack the encryption to look at you traffic but that would seem unlikely. Possible, but, it would be expensive and they would probably only do that as part of some legal action.
Best advice I have is assume your network is not safe and use a VPN to access your favorite services and the majority of your profile would be hidden.
add a comment |
The things to consider are what means would your ISP have to determine the state of your home network.
Things will vary from ISP to ISP. That said, if you bought the bundle where they provide the modem and router chances are pretty good they set some knowable values and may have even "stored them to trouble shoot". Worst case scenario imho.
If you have your own equipment there are still things that they can mine from you. They can sniff your traffic (if its not encrypted) and store DNS results. Build a profile on your likes and dislikes.
They also could potentially sniff the wireless network to crack the encryption to look at you traffic but that would seem unlikely. Possible, but, it would be expensive and they would probably only do that as part of some legal action.
Best advice I have is assume your network is not safe and use a VPN to access your favorite services and the majority of your profile would be hidden.
The things to consider are what means would your ISP have to determine the state of your home network.
Things will vary from ISP to ISP. That said, if you bought the bundle where they provide the modem and router chances are pretty good they set some knowable values and may have even "stored them to trouble shoot". Worst case scenario imho.
If you have your own equipment there are still things that they can mine from you. They can sniff your traffic (if its not encrypted) and store DNS results. Build a profile on your likes and dislikes.
They also could potentially sniff the wireless network to crack the encryption to look at you traffic but that would seem unlikely. Possible, but, it would be expensive and they would probably only do that as part of some legal action.
Best advice I have is assume your network is not safe and use a VPN to access your favorite services and the majority of your profile would be hidden.
answered Aug 22 at 0:23
Hogstrom
1,1561121
1,1561121
add a comment |
add a comment |
Indeed, as Worthwelle puts it, whether an ISP can know the WiFi password depends on whether your wireless router is your own (That is, it is provided by the ISP or purchased by yourself).
I would like to add that the encryption modes currently available in wireless routers are: WEP, WPA-PSK (TKIP), WPA2-PSK (AES) and WPA-PSK (TKIP) + WPA2-PSK (AES). They can all encrypt the data, making our network a protected network, whether the router we use is ISP's or purchased by ourselves.
So it depends on whether the ISP knows whether the router uses a certain encryption scheme to determine whether the ISP knows whether it is a protected network or an unprotected network.
add a comment |
Indeed, as Worthwelle puts it, whether an ISP can know the WiFi password depends on whether your wireless router is your own (That is, it is provided by the ISP or purchased by yourself).
I would like to add that the encryption modes currently available in wireless routers are: WEP, WPA-PSK (TKIP), WPA2-PSK (AES) and WPA-PSK (TKIP) + WPA2-PSK (AES). They can all encrypt the data, making our network a protected network, whether the router we use is ISP's or purchased by ourselves.
So it depends on whether the ISP knows whether the router uses a certain encryption scheme to determine whether the ISP knows whether it is a protected network or an unprotected network.
add a comment |
Indeed, as Worthwelle puts it, whether an ISP can know the WiFi password depends on whether your wireless router is your own (That is, it is provided by the ISP or purchased by yourself).
I would like to add that the encryption modes currently available in wireless routers are: WEP, WPA-PSK (TKIP), WPA2-PSK (AES) and WPA-PSK (TKIP) + WPA2-PSK (AES). They can all encrypt the data, making our network a protected network, whether the router we use is ISP's or purchased by ourselves.
So it depends on whether the ISP knows whether the router uses a certain encryption scheme to determine whether the ISP knows whether it is a protected network or an unprotected network.
Indeed, as Worthwelle puts it, whether an ISP can know the WiFi password depends on whether your wireless router is your own (That is, it is provided by the ISP or purchased by yourself).
I would like to add that the encryption modes currently available in wireless routers are: WEP, WPA-PSK (TKIP), WPA2-PSK (AES) and WPA-PSK (TKIP) + WPA2-PSK (AES). They can all encrypt the data, making our network a protected network, whether the router we use is ISP's or purchased by ourselves.
So it depends on whether the ISP knows whether the router uses a certain encryption scheme to determine whether the ISP knows whether it is a protected network or an unprotected network.
answered Aug 22 at 8:13
S.Leon
3355
3355
add a comment |
add a comment |
Something to remember is that you are on your ISP's network, and they usually can directly connect to yours (depending on the individual users permissions within the ISP), if you have a provided router that came with a default username/password and you haven't changed it, they will most likely be able to access the configuration of your router.
If you have brought a new router, then as long as you have changed the login details then they won't be able to see the configuration.
Source: I worked for an ISP (In the software dept.)
routers have disabled WAN access by default
– phuclv
Sep 8 at 16:04
add a comment |
Something to remember is that you are on your ISP's network, and they usually can directly connect to yours (depending on the individual users permissions within the ISP), if you have a provided router that came with a default username/password and you haven't changed it, they will most likely be able to access the configuration of your router.
If you have brought a new router, then as long as you have changed the login details then they won't be able to see the configuration.
Source: I worked for an ISP (In the software dept.)
routers have disabled WAN access by default
– phuclv
Sep 8 at 16:04
add a comment |
Something to remember is that you are on your ISP's network, and they usually can directly connect to yours (depending on the individual users permissions within the ISP), if you have a provided router that came with a default username/password and you haven't changed it, they will most likely be able to access the configuration of your router.
If you have brought a new router, then as long as you have changed the login details then they won't be able to see the configuration.
Source: I worked for an ISP (In the software dept.)
Something to remember is that you are on your ISP's network, and they usually can directly connect to yours (depending on the individual users permissions within the ISP), if you have a provided router that came with a default username/password and you haven't changed it, they will most likely be able to access the configuration of your router.
If you have brought a new router, then as long as you have changed the login details then they won't be able to see the configuration.
Source: I worked for an ISP (In the software dept.)
answered Aug 22 at 3:05
FabianCook
14611
14611
routers have disabled WAN access by default
– phuclv
Sep 8 at 16:04
add a comment |
routers have disabled WAN access by default
– phuclv
Sep 8 at 16:04
routers have disabled WAN access by default
– phuclv
Sep 8 at 16:04
routers have disabled WAN access by default
– phuclv
Sep 8 at 16:04
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Super User!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Some of your past answers have not been well-received, and you're in danger of being blocked from answering.
Please pay close attention to the following guidance:
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fsuperuser.com%2fquestions%2f1351119%2fcan-my-isp-see-whether-or-not-i-have-a-wifi-password%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown