Should I cite R or RStudio?












6















I ran my data analysis and created my graphs in RStudio, but RStudio is just a platform for R. In my paper should I cite R or RStudio?










share|improve this question


















  • 9





    I have never seen anyone cite Rstudio. It would be like citing Word

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 25 at 21:26






  • 1





    Just to be clear to readers who don't know R, the OP didn't "create their graphs in RStudio," there is no functionality to do that in RStudio besides using R and its packages. Yes, it displays them for you, but that's it.

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 26 at 18:37
















6















I ran my data analysis and created my graphs in RStudio, but RStudio is just a platform for R. In my paper should I cite R or RStudio?










share|improve this question


















  • 9





    I have never seen anyone cite Rstudio. It would be like citing Word

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 25 at 21:26






  • 1





    Just to be clear to readers who don't know R, the OP didn't "create their graphs in RStudio," there is no functionality to do that in RStudio besides using R and its packages. Yes, it displays them for you, but that's it.

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 26 at 18:37














6












6








6








I ran my data analysis and created my graphs in RStudio, but RStudio is just a platform for R. In my paper should I cite R or RStudio?










share|improve this question














I ran my data analysis and created my graphs in RStudio, but RStudio is just a platform for R. In my paper should I cite R or RStudio?







citations statistics






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Feb 25 at 21:03









BugBoiBugBoi

311




311








  • 9





    I have never seen anyone cite Rstudio. It would be like citing Word

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 25 at 21:26






  • 1





    Just to be clear to readers who don't know R, the OP didn't "create their graphs in RStudio," there is no functionality to do that in RStudio besides using R and its packages. Yes, it displays them for you, but that's it.

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 26 at 18:37














  • 9





    I have never seen anyone cite Rstudio. It would be like citing Word

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 25 at 21:26






  • 1





    Just to be clear to readers who don't know R, the OP didn't "create their graphs in RStudio," there is no functionality to do that in RStudio besides using R and its packages. Yes, it displays them for you, but that's it.

    – Azor Ahai
    Feb 26 at 18:37








9




9





I have never seen anyone cite Rstudio. It would be like citing Word

– Azor Ahai
Feb 25 at 21:26





I have never seen anyone cite Rstudio. It would be like citing Word

– Azor Ahai
Feb 25 at 21:26




1




1





Just to be clear to readers who don't know R, the OP didn't "create their graphs in RStudio," there is no functionality to do that in RStudio besides using R and its packages. Yes, it displays them for you, but that's it.

– Azor Ahai
Feb 26 at 18:37





Just to be clear to readers who don't know R, the OP didn't "create their graphs in RStudio," there is no functionality to do that in RStudio besides using R and its packages. Yes, it displays them for you, but that's it.

– Azor Ahai
Feb 26 at 18:37










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















11














RStudio is an IDE for R — essentially an editor and debugger packed together. Your work is made possible by statisticians who developed the language R and graphical packages for it. If you want to cite R in your publication, here is the explanation how to do it.






share|improve this answer































    8














    Google Scholar is probably not doing a great job of tracking these software citations compared to journal articles that fit standard citation formatting better, but RStudio has ~1,800 citations whereas R has over 100,000 using the most common citation aggregate for each.



    Many people cite neither and instead cite particular packages that they use, but by far it is more common to cite R which includes all of the base libraries, etc. RStudio is only an IDE, and although it could be useful and you are free to cite it as having been helpful in your development, anyone can take your R code written with the help of RStudio and run it with only R and get the same result.






    share|improve this answer
























    • To follow on, if my PI and I collaborate on an R script, and I use RStudio and she uses emacs, should we cite both? It would seem wrong to cite emacs, so by extension, I see little reason to cite Rstudio.

      – Azor Ahai
      Feb 26 at 0:27








    • 3





      @AzorAhai I agree that it is not typical to cite text editors, IDEs are a bit more involved but you don't typically cite those either. When someone cites something like Matlab or SAS or Stata, they aren't just citing the IDE and GUI but the underlying algorithms that have been tested, validated etc; the equivalent for that would be R, not RStudio.

      – Bryan Krause
      Feb 26 at 0:50



















    -3














    Cite what you use. RStudio has a collection of developers who have made your work possible. Cite them. R is a language so it is, perhaps, less important to cite it. But if it has features that are important to your work, cite it. If you had used Python to do data analysis it might not be necessary to name it if there was nothing special about Python, but R is specialized for statistics so more likely that it should be cited.



    Cite what you use. It is a courtesy to those who enable your work if nothing else. Citing RStudio






    share|improve this answer





















    • 5





      @JeremyC Probably coming from the suggestion that citing R is less important and perhaps the misunderstanding that R is "just" a language whereas RStudio is what "made your work possible."

      – Bryan Krause
      Feb 25 at 23:00






    • 6





      I did not downvote this, but I 100% defend the right to downvote if one thinks that the content of an answer is wrong / unwise, without need for further comments.

      – Federico Poloni
      Feb 25 at 23:41






    • 5





      @Buffy To make more clear, I think the thing that's wrong/dangerous in your answer possibly is that it makes it sound like RStudio is the thing that brings all the code and R is just the language, which is not the case. People that are "using" RStudio are mostly only using it as a text editor/for debugging tools. It is almost certainly more important to cite R than to cite RStudio. OP understands all this, but someone else might not.

      – Bryan Krause
      Feb 26 at 1:49








    • 8





      @Buffy Have you used R? Your answer makes it sound like you have not.

      – Azor Ahai
      Feb 26 at 3:43






    • 5





      @Buffy In my personal opinion, this and many your other answers sound like someone forced you to answer a question on a topic you know very little about. SE is not an exam. If you are not sure of a right/helpful answer to a question, it is quite appropriate to refrain from answering it.

      – Dmitry Savostyanov
      Feb 26 at 7:43












    Your Answer








    StackExchange.ready(function() {
    var channelOptions = {
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "415"
    };
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
    createEditor();
    });
    }
    else {
    createEditor();
    }
    });

    function createEditor() {
    StackExchange.prepareEditor({
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: true,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: 10,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader: {
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    },
    noCode: true, onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    });


    }
    });














    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function () {
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2facademia.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f125536%2fshould-i-cite-r-or-rstudio%23new-answer', 'question_page');
    }
    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes








    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    11














    RStudio is an IDE for R — essentially an editor and debugger packed together. Your work is made possible by statisticians who developed the language R and graphical packages for it. If you want to cite R in your publication, here is the explanation how to do it.






    share|improve this answer




























      11














      RStudio is an IDE for R — essentially an editor and debugger packed together. Your work is made possible by statisticians who developed the language R and graphical packages for it. If you want to cite R in your publication, here is the explanation how to do it.






      share|improve this answer


























        11












        11








        11







        RStudio is an IDE for R — essentially an editor and debugger packed together. Your work is made possible by statisticians who developed the language R and graphical packages for it. If you want to cite R in your publication, here is the explanation how to do it.






        share|improve this answer













        RStudio is an IDE for R — essentially an editor and debugger packed together. Your work is made possible by statisticians who developed the language R and graphical packages for it. If you want to cite R in your publication, here is the explanation how to do it.







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered Feb 25 at 21:32









        Dmitry SavostyanovDmitry Savostyanov

        27k1056111




        27k1056111























            8














            Google Scholar is probably not doing a great job of tracking these software citations compared to journal articles that fit standard citation formatting better, but RStudio has ~1,800 citations whereas R has over 100,000 using the most common citation aggregate for each.



            Many people cite neither and instead cite particular packages that they use, but by far it is more common to cite R which includes all of the base libraries, etc. RStudio is only an IDE, and although it could be useful and you are free to cite it as having been helpful in your development, anyone can take your R code written with the help of RStudio and run it with only R and get the same result.






            share|improve this answer
























            • To follow on, if my PI and I collaborate on an R script, and I use RStudio and she uses emacs, should we cite both? It would seem wrong to cite emacs, so by extension, I see little reason to cite Rstudio.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 0:27








            • 3





              @AzorAhai I agree that it is not typical to cite text editors, IDEs are a bit more involved but you don't typically cite those either. When someone cites something like Matlab or SAS or Stata, they aren't just citing the IDE and GUI but the underlying algorithms that have been tested, validated etc; the equivalent for that would be R, not RStudio.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 0:50
















            8














            Google Scholar is probably not doing a great job of tracking these software citations compared to journal articles that fit standard citation formatting better, but RStudio has ~1,800 citations whereas R has over 100,000 using the most common citation aggregate for each.



            Many people cite neither and instead cite particular packages that they use, but by far it is more common to cite R which includes all of the base libraries, etc. RStudio is only an IDE, and although it could be useful and you are free to cite it as having been helpful in your development, anyone can take your R code written with the help of RStudio and run it with only R and get the same result.






            share|improve this answer
























            • To follow on, if my PI and I collaborate on an R script, and I use RStudio and she uses emacs, should we cite both? It would seem wrong to cite emacs, so by extension, I see little reason to cite Rstudio.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 0:27








            • 3





              @AzorAhai I agree that it is not typical to cite text editors, IDEs are a bit more involved but you don't typically cite those either. When someone cites something like Matlab or SAS or Stata, they aren't just citing the IDE and GUI but the underlying algorithms that have been tested, validated etc; the equivalent for that would be R, not RStudio.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 0:50














            8












            8








            8







            Google Scholar is probably not doing a great job of tracking these software citations compared to journal articles that fit standard citation formatting better, but RStudio has ~1,800 citations whereas R has over 100,000 using the most common citation aggregate for each.



            Many people cite neither and instead cite particular packages that they use, but by far it is more common to cite R which includes all of the base libraries, etc. RStudio is only an IDE, and although it could be useful and you are free to cite it as having been helpful in your development, anyone can take your R code written with the help of RStudio and run it with only R and get the same result.






            share|improve this answer













            Google Scholar is probably not doing a great job of tracking these software citations compared to journal articles that fit standard citation formatting better, but RStudio has ~1,800 citations whereas R has over 100,000 using the most common citation aggregate for each.



            Many people cite neither and instead cite particular packages that they use, but by far it is more common to cite R which includes all of the base libraries, etc. RStudio is only an IDE, and although it could be useful and you are free to cite it as having been helpful in your development, anyone can take your R code written with the help of RStudio and run it with only R and get the same result.







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered Feb 25 at 23:17









            Bryan KrauseBryan Krause

            15.4k24267




            15.4k24267













            • To follow on, if my PI and I collaborate on an R script, and I use RStudio and she uses emacs, should we cite both? It would seem wrong to cite emacs, so by extension, I see little reason to cite Rstudio.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 0:27








            • 3





              @AzorAhai I agree that it is not typical to cite text editors, IDEs are a bit more involved but you don't typically cite those either. When someone cites something like Matlab or SAS or Stata, they aren't just citing the IDE and GUI but the underlying algorithms that have been tested, validated etc; the equivalent for that would be R, not RStudio.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 0:50



















            • To follow on, if my PI and I collaborate on an R script, and I use RStudio and she uses emacs, should we cite both? It would seem wrong to cite emacs, so by extension, I see little reason to cite Rstudio.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 0:27








            • 3





              @AzorAhai I agree that it is not typical to cite text editors, IDEs are a bit more involved but you don't typically cite those either. When someone cites something like Matlab or SAS or Stata, they aren't just citing the IDE and GUI but the underlying algorithms that have been tested, validated etc; the equivalent for that would be R, not RStudio.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 0:50

















            To follow on, if my PI and I collaborate on an R script, and I use RStudio and she uses emacs, should we cite both? It would seem wrong to cite emacs, so by extension, I see little reason to cite Rstudio.

            – Azor Ahai
            Feb 26 at 0:27







            To follow on, if my PI and I collaborate on an R script, and I use RStudio and she uses emacs, should we cite both? It would seem wrong to cite emacs, so by extension, I see little reason to cite Rstudio.

            – Azor Ahai
            Feb 26 at 0:27






            3




            3





            @AzorAhai I agree that it is not typical to cite text editors, IDEs are a bit more involved but you don't typically cite those either. When someone cites something like Matlab or SAS or Stata, they aren't just citing the IDE and GUI but the underlying algorithms that have been tested, validated etc; the equivalent for that would be R, not RStudio.

            – Bryan Krause
            Feb 26 at 0:50





            @AzorAhai I agree that it is not typical to cite text editors, IDEs are a bit more involved but you don't typically cite those either. When someone cites something like Matlab or SAS or Stata, they aren't just citing the IDE and GUI but the underlying algorithms that have been tested, validated etc; the equivalent for that would be R, not RStudio.

            – Bryan Krause
            Feb 26 at 0:50











            -3














            Cite what you use. RStudio has a collection of developers who have made your work possible. Cite them. R is a language so it is, perhaps, less important to cite it. But if it has features that are important to your work, cite it. If you had used Python to do data analysis it might not be necessary to name it if there was nothing special about Python, but R is specialized for statistics so more likely that it should be cited.



            Cite what you use. It is a courtesy to those who enable your work if nothing else. Citing RStudio






            share|improve this answer





















            • 5





              @JeremyC Probably coming from the suggestion that citing R is less important and perhaps the misunderstanding that R is "just" a language whereas RStudio is what "made your work possible."

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 25 at 23:00






            • 6





              I did not downvote this, but I 100% defend the right to downvote if one thinks that the content of an answer is wrong / unwise, without need for further comments.

              – Federico Poloni
              Feb 25 at 23:41






            • 5





              @Buffy To make more clear, I think the thing that's wrong/dangerous in your answer possibly is that it makes it sound like RStudio is the thing that brings all the code and R is just the language, which is not the case. People that are "using" RStudio are mostly only using it as a text editor/for debugging tools. It is almost certainly more important to cite R than to cite RStudio. OP understands all this, but someone else might not.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 1:49








            • 8





              @Buffy Have you used R? Your answer makes it sound like you have not.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 3:43






            • 5





              @Buffy In my personal opinion, this and many your other answers sound like someone forced you to answer a question on a topic you know very little about. SE is not an exam. If you are not sure of a right/helpful answer to a question, it is quite appropriate to refrain from answering it.

              – Dmitry Savostyanov
              Feb 26 at 7:43
















            -3














            Cite what you use. RStudio has a collection of developers who have made your work possible. Cite them. R is a language so it is, perhaps, less important to cite it. But if it has features that are important to your work, cite it. If you had used Python to do data analysis it might not be necessary to name it if there was nothing special about Python, but R is specialized for statistics so more likely that it should be cited.



            Cite what you use. It is a courtesy to those who enable your work if nothing else. Citing RStudio






            share|improve this answer





















            • 5





              @JeremyC Probably coming from the suggestion that citing R is less important and perhaps the misunderstanding that R is "just" a language whereas RStudio is what "made your work possible."

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 25 at 23:00






            • 6





              I did not downvote this, but I 100% defend the right to downvote if one thinks that the content of an answer is wrong / unwise, without need for further comments.

              – Federico Poloni
              Feb 25 at 23:41






            • 5





              @Buffy To make more clear, I think the thing that's wrong/dangerous in your answer possibly is that it makes it sound like RStudio is the thing that brings all the code and R is just the language, which is not the case. People that are "using" RStudio are mostly only using it as a text editor/for debugging tools. It is almost certainly more important to cite R than to cite RStudio. OP understands all this, but someone else might not.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 1:49








            • 8





              @Buffy Have you used R? Your answer makes it sound like you have not.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 3:43






            • 5





              @Buffy In my personal opinion, this and many your other answers sound like someone forced you to answer a question on a topic you know very little about. SE is not an exam. If you are not sure of a right/helpful answer to a question, it is quite appropriate to refrain from answering it.

              – Dmitry Savostyanov
              Feb 26 at 7:43














            -3












            -3








            -3







            Cite what you use. RStudio has a collection of developers who have made your work possible. Cite them. R is a language so it is, perhaps, less important to cite it. But if it has features that are important to your work, cite it. If you had used Python to do data analysis it might not be necessary to name it if there was nothing special about Python, but R is specialized for statistics so more likely that it should be cited.



            Cite what you use. It is a courtesy to those who enable your work if nothing else. Citing RStudio






            share|improve this answer















            Cite what you use. RStudio has a collection of developers who have made your work possible. Cite them. R is a language so it is, perhaps, less important to cite it. But if it has features that are important to your work, cite it. If you had used Python to do data analysis it might not be necessary to name it if there was nothing special about Python, but R is specialized for statistics so more likely that it should be cited.



            Cite what you use. It is a courtesy to those who enable your work if nothing else. Citing RStudio







            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited Feb 25 at 21:38

























            answered Feb 25 at 21:15









            BuffyBuffy

            55.2k16175268




            55.2k16175268








            • 5





              @JeremyC Probably coming from the suggestion that citing R is less important and perhaps the misunderstanding that R is "just" a language whereas RStudio is what "made your work possible."

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 25 at 23:00






            • 6





              I did not downvote this, but I 100% defend the right to downvote if one thinks that the content of an answer is wrong / unwise, without need for further comments.

              – Federico Poloni
              Feb 25 at 23:41






            • 5





              @Buffy To make more clear, I think the thing that's wrong/dangerous in your answer possibly is that it makes it sound like RStudio is the thing that brings all the code and R is just the language, which is not the case. People that are "using" RStudio are mostly only using it as a text editor/for debugging tools. It is almost certainly more important to cite R than to cite RStudio. OP understands all this, but someone else might not.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 1:49








            • 8





              @Buffy Have you used R? Your answer makes it sound like you have not.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 3:43






            • 5





              @Buffy In my personal opinion, this and many your other answers sound like someone forced you to answer a question on a topic you know very little about. SE is not an exam. If you are not sure of a right/helpful answer to a question, it is quite appropriate to refrain from answering it.

              – Dmitry Savostyanov
              Feb 26 at 7:43














            • 5





              @JeremyC Probably coming from the suggestion that citing R is less important and perhaps the misunderstanding that R is "just" a language whereas RStudio is what "made your work possible."

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 25 at 23:00






            • 6





              I did not downvote this, but I 100% defend the right to downvote if one thinks that the content of an answer is wrong / unwise, without need for further comments.

              – Federico Poloni
              Feb 25 at 23:41






            • 5





              @Buffy To make more clear, I think the thing that's wrong/dangerous in your answer possibly is that it makes it sound like RStudio is the thing that brings all the code and R is just the language, which is not the case. People that are "using" RStudio are mostly only using it as a text editor/for debugging tools. It is almost certainly more important to cite R than to cite RStudio. OP understands all this, but someone else might not.

              – Bryan Krause
              Feb 26 at 1:49








            • 8





              @Buffy Have you used R? Your answer makes it sound like you have not.

              – Azor Ahai
              Feb 26 at 3:43






            • 5





              @Buffy In my personal opinion, this and many your other answers sound like someone forced you to answer a question on a topic you know very little about. SE is not an exam. If you are not sure of a right/helpful answer to a question, it is quite appropriate to refrain from answering it.

              – Dmitry Savostyanov
              Feb 26 at 7:43








            5




            5





            @JeremyC Probably coming from the suggestion that citing R is less important and perhaps the misunderstanding that R is "just" a language whereas RStudio is what "made your work possible."

            – Bryan Krause
            Feb 25 at 23:00





            @JeremyC Probably coming from the suggestion that citing R is less important and perhaps the misunderstanding that R is "just" a language whereas RStudio is what "made your work possible."

            – Bryan Krause
            Feb 25 at 23:00




            6




            6





            I did not downvote this, but I 100% defend the right to downvote if one thinks that the content of an answer is wrong / unwise, without need for further comments.

            – Federico Poloni
            Feb 25 at 23:41





            I did not downvote this, but I 100% defend the right to downvote if one thinks that the content of an answer is wrong / unwise, without need for further comments.

            – Federico Poloni
            Feb 25 at 23:41




            5




            5





            @Buffy To make more clear, I think the thing that's wrong/dangerous in your answer possibly is that it makes it sound like RStudio is the thing that brings all the code and R is just the language, which is not the case. People that are "using" RStudio are mostly only using it as a text editor/for debugging tools. It is almost certainly more important to cite R than to cite RStudio. OP understands all this, but someone else might not.

            – Bryan Krause
            Feb 26 at 1:49







            @Buffy To make more clear, I think the thing that's wrong/dangerous in your answer possibly is that it makes it sound like RStudio is the thing that brings all the code and R is just the language, which is not the case. People that are "using" RStudio are mostly only using it as a text editor/for debugging tools. It is almost certainly more important to cite R than to cite RStudio. OP understands all this, but someone else might not.

            – Bryan Krause
            Feb 26 at 1:49






            8




            8





            @Buffy Have you used R? Your answer makes it sound like you have not.

            – Azor Ahai
            Feb 26 at 3:43





            @Buffy Have you used R? Your answer makes it sound like you have not.

            – Azor Ahai
            Feb 26 at 3:43




            5




            5





            @Buffy In my personal opinion, this and many your other answers sound like someone forced you to answer a question on a topic you know very little about. SE is not an exam. If you are not sure of a right/helpful answer to a question, it is quite appropriate to refrain from answering it.

            – Dmitry Savostyanov
            Feb 26 at 7:43





            @Buffy In my personal opinion, this and many your other answers sound like someone forced you to answer a question on a topic you know very little about. SE is not an exam. If you are not sure of a right/helpful answer to a question, it is quite appropriate to refrain from answering it.

            – Dmitry Savostyanov
            Feb 26 at 7:43


















            draft saved

            draft discarded




















































            Thanks for contributing an answer to Academia Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid



            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2facademia.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f125536%2fshould-i-cite-r-or-rstudio%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            Popular posts from this blog

            Probability when a professor distributes a quiz and homework assignment to a class of n students.

            Aardman Animations

            Are they similar matrix