A universal method for left-hand alignment of a sequence of equalities












3















With this code



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is courtesy of
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
%% End of code block for widebar macro


begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}


I have this output:



enter image description here



However, I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:



enter image description here



In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.



Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.










share|improve this question




















  • 2





    It is not eqnarray. Use a single & per line, before the first =.

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:34






  • 1





    Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line

    – Au101
    Mar 1 at 23:37






  • 2





    No downvotes so far -- what's going on?! :-)

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 10:04








  • 1





    @AndréC Because there are frequent times of the year that haters attack me.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:36






  • 2





    @AndréC - They just downvote, no explanations given, ever. And they really seem to like downvoting Sebastiano's queries. Who knows what motivates them? Maybe they dislike Saint Sebastian and believe it's appropriate to downvote queries by persons whose first name happens to be Sebastian[o]? At this point, any guess is as good, or bad, as any other.

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 11:00


















3















With this code



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is courtesy of
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
%% End of code block for widebar macro


begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}


I have this output:



enter image description here



However, I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:



enter image description here



In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.



Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.










share|improve this question




















  • 2





    It is not eqnarray. Use a single & per line, before the first =.

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:34






  • 1





    Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line

    – Au101
    Mar 1 at 23:37






  • 2





    No downvotes so far -- what's going on?! :-)

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 10:04








  • 1





    @AndréC Because there are frequent times of the year that haters attack me.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:36






  • 2





    @AndréC - They just downvote, no explanations given, ever. And they really seem to like downvoting Sebastiano's queries. Who knows what motivates them? Maybe they dislike Saint Sebastian and believe it's appropriate to downvote queries by persons whose first name happens to be Sebastian[o]? At this point, any guess is as good, or bad, as any other.

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 11:00
















3












3








3


1






With this code



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is courtesy of
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
%% End of code block for widebar macro


begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}


I have this output:



enter image description here



However, I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:



enter image description here



In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.



Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.










share|improve this question
















With this code



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is courtesy of
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother
%% End of code block for widebar macro


begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&=& int_a^{b} L dt& =&int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
=int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphidfrac{1}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
=int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau&&&&\
end{aligned}
]
end{document}


I have this output:



enter image description here



However, I would like to have the following alignment as the image below:



enter image description here



In the last few days I have done several tests but I have not succeeded. For other formulas the alignment on the left is very good. With this formula I can't do it.



Lastly, how can I improve the shape of the integral of the second line where the two green rectangles are highlighted? The square brackets do not respect the length of the integral symbol.







math-mode vertical-alignment align best-practices brackets






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Mar 2 at 8:35









Mico

285k31388778




285k31388778










asked Mar 1 at 23:28









SebastianoSebastiano

11.1k42165




11.1k42165








  • 2





    It is not eqnarray. Use a single & per line, before the first =.

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:34






  • 1





    Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line

    – Au101
    Mar 1 at 23:37






  • 2





    No downvotes so far -- what's going on?! :-)

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 10:04








  • 1





    @AndréC Because there are frequent times of the year that haters attack me.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:36






  • 2





    @AndréC - They just downvote, no explanations given, ever. And they really seem to like downvoting Sebastiano's queries. Who knows what motivates them? Maybe they dislike Saint Sebastian and believe it's appropriate to downvote queries by persons whose first name happens to be Sebastian[o]? At this point, any guess is as good, or bad, as any other.

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 11:00
















  • 2





    It is not eqnarray. Use a single & per line, before the first =.

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:34






  • 1





    Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line

    – Au101
    Mar 1 at 23:37






  • 2





    No downvotes so far -- what's going on?! :-)

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 10:04








  • 1





    @AndréC Because there are frequent times of the year that haters attack me.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:36






  • 2





    @AndréC - They just downvote, no explanations given, ever. And they really seem to like downvoting Sebastiano's queries. Who knows what motivates them? Maybe they dislike Saint Sebastian and believe it's appropriate to downvote queries by persons whose first name happens to be Sebastian[o]? At this point, any guess is as good, or bad, as any other.

    – Mico
    Mar 2 at 11:00










2




2





It is not eqnarray. Use a single & per line, before the first =.

– egreg
Mar 1 at 23:34





It is not eqnarray. Use a single & per line, before the first =.

– egreg
Mar 1 at 23:34




1




1





Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line

– Au101
Mar 1 at 23:37





Is it normal practice where you come from to have an = sign at the end of one line and the start of the next? because it definitely isn't here, you shouldn't have one at the end of the line

– Au101
Mar 1 at 23:37




2




2





No downvotes so far -- what's going on?! :-)

– Mico
Mar 2 at 10:04







No downvotes so far -- what's going on?! :-)

– Mico
Mar 2 at 10:04






1




1





@AndréC Because there are frequent times of the year that haters attack me.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 10:36





@AndréC Because there are frequent times of the year that haters attack me.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 10:36




2




2





@AndréC - They just downvote, no explanations given, ever. And they really seem to like downvoting Sebastiano's queries. Who knows what motivates them? Maybe they dislike Saint Sebastian and believe it's appropriate to downvote queries by persons whose first name happens to be Sebastian[o]? At this point, any guess is as good, or bad, as any other.

– Mico
Mar 2 at 11:00







@AndréC - They just downvote, no explanations given, ever. And they really seem to like downvoting Sebastiano's queries. Who knows what motivates them? Maybe they dislike Saint Sebastian and believe it's appropriate to downvote queries by persons whose first name happens to be Sebastian[o]? At this point, any guess is as good, or bad, as any other.

– Mico
Mar 2 at 11:00












4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















9














My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like



frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}


appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}

makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}


There should be a single & per line.



I also fixed the usage of left and right and loaded bm that performs better than amsbsy and its boldsymbol command, replaced by bm (but boldsymbol works as well).



enter image description here






share|improve this answer



















  • 2





    What makes your mathematician's eyes bleed when you see this frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}?

    – AndréC
    Mar 2 at 9:31













  • @egreg Thank you so much for your patience and courtesy.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:52













  • @AndréC I think his eyes bleed because of the use of dfrac: it should (always) be frac. Even in this case the OP can use u^2/c^2 since it means the same but more compact.

    – manooooh
    Mar 20 at 0:27



















3














Here are some suggestions:



enter image description here



documentclass{article}

usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}

begin{document}

[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]

begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}

end{document}


The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.






share|improve this answer



















  • 2





    No, please, no! ;-)

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:52











  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51



















2














First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.



To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn environment from nccmath. Further, I improved the layout of the middle row, using the mfrac command (medium-sized fractions) instead of dfrac.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}

begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphimfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qmfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer


























  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51



















1














A little bit late to the game, but hopefully still useful.



enter image description here



In addition to placing & alignment points where they're needed, the main change from your sample code is the use of inline-fraction notation for the denominator terms in the middle row. By the way, there is no need for \ at the end of the final row of an aligned environment.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, bm}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253/5001
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of
%macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no
%negative kern may follow the bar; an additional {}
%makes sure that the superscript is high enough in
%this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first
%character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol,
%and if the first token is a letter, use that letter
%for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F} (bar{r}(t))
&=int_a^{b} ! L ,dt
= int_a^{b} Bigl[L frac{dt}{dtau}Bigr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} biggl[-mc^2-qvarphifrac{1}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}
+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}biggr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}},], dtau
end{aligned}
]
end{document}





share|improve this answer


























  • Thank you very much. I need everything to learn and to recognize the differences and tricks of the trade :-). The questions were all voted (as always) positively.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51








  • 1





    @Sebastiano: I've modified the code, using mfrac for all fractions in the middle row (I think it looks nicer).

    – Bernard
    Mar 2 at 10:21











  • @Bernard I hope that the electronic translation is good: you like everyone else is as if you were at home when you write to me. Obviously the polite and sensitive ones.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:24












Your Answer








StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "85"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: false,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: null,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});














draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2ftex.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f477369%2fa-universal-method-for-left-hand-alignment-of-a-sequence-of-equalities%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown

























4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes








4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









9














My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like



frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}


appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}

makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}


There should be a single & per line.



I also fixed the usage of left and right and loaded bm that performs better than amsbsy and its boldsymbol command, replaced by bm (but boldsymbol works as well).



enter image description here






share|improve this answer



















  • 2





    What makes your mathematician's eyes bleed when you see this frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}?

    – AndréC
    Mar 2 at 9:31













  • @egreg Thank you so much for your patience and courtesy.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:52













  • @AndréC I think his eyes bleed because of the use of dfrac: it should (always) be frac. Even in this case the OP can use u^2/c^2 since it means the same but more compact.

    – manooooh
    Mar 20 at 0:27
















9














My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like



frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}


appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}

makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}


There should be a single & per line.



I also fixed the usage of left and right and loaded bm that performs better than amsbsy and its boldsymbol command, replaced by bm (but boldsymbol works as well).



enter image description here






share|improve this answer



















  • 2





    What makes your mathematician's eyes bleed when you see this frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}?

    – AndréC
    Mar 2 at 9:31













  • @egreg Thank you so much for your patience and courtesy.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:52













  • @AndréC I think his eyes bleed because of the use of dfrac: it should (always) be frac. Even in this case the OP can use u^2/c^2 since it means the same but more compact.

    – manooooh
    Mar 20 at 0:27














9












9








9







My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like



frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}


appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}

makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}


There should be a single & per line.



I also fixed the usage of left and right and loaded bm that performs better than amsbsy and its boldsymbol command, replaced by bm (but boldsymbol works as well).



enter image description here






share|improve this answer













My mathematician's eyes bleed when I see something like



frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}


appearing more than once; I guess in your document it appears many times.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs,bm}

makeatletter
%<...long code omitted for brevity...>
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))
&= int_a^{b} L dt = int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right],dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2-qvarphigamma(u)+qbar{u}cdot widebar{A}gamma(u)] ,dtau=\
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}}] ,dtau\
end{aligned}
]
where
[
gamma(u)=left(1-frac{u^2}{c^2}right)^{-1/2}
]
end{document}


There should be a single & per line.



I also fixed the usage of left and right and loaded bm that performs better than amsbsy and its boldsymbol command, replaced by bm (but boldsymbol works as well).



enter image description here







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Mar 1 at 23:50









egregegreg

731k8919303252




731k8919303252








  • 2





    What makes your mathematician's eyes bleed when you see this frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}?

    – AndréC
    Mar 2 at 9:31













  • @egreg Thank you so much for your patience and courtesy.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:52













  • @AndréC I think his eyes bleed because of the use of dfrac: it should (always) be frac. Even in this case the OP can use u^2/c^2 since it means the same but more compact.

    – manooooh
    Mar 20 at 0:27














  • 2





    What makes your mathematician's eyes bleed when you see this frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}?

    – AndréC
    Mar 2 at 9:31













  • @egreg Thank you so much for your patience and courtesy.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:52













  • @AndréC I think his eyes bleed because of the use of dfrac: it should (always) be frac. Even in this case the OP can use u^2/c^2 since it means the same but more compact.

    – manooooh
    Mar 20 at 0:27








2




2





What makes your mathematician's eyes bleed when you see this frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}?

– AndréC
Mar 2 at 9:31







What makes your mathematician's eyes bleed when you see this frac{<whatever}{sqrt{1-dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}?

– AndréC
Mar 2 at 9:31















@egreg Thank you so much for your patience and courtesy.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:52







@egreg Thank you so much for your patience and courtesy.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:52















@AndréC I think his eyes bleed because of the use of dfrac: it should (always) be frac. Even in this case the OP can use u^2/c^2 since it means the same but more compact.

– manooooh
Mar 20 at 0:27





@AndréC I think his eyes bleed because of the use of dfrac: it should (always) be frac. Even in this case the OP can use u^2/c^2 since it means the same but more compact.

– manooooh
Mar 20 at 0:27











3














Here are some suggestions:



enter image description here



documentclass{article}

usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}

begin{document}

[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]

begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}

end{document}


The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.






share|improve this answer



















  • 2





    No, please, no! ;-)

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:52











  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51
















3














Here are some suggestions:



enter image description here



documentclass{article}

usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}

begin{document}

[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]

begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}

end{document}


The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.






share|improve this answer



















  • 2





    No, please, no! ;-)

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:52











  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51














3












3








3







Here are some suggestions:



enter image description here



documentclass{article}

usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}

begin{document}

[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]

begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}

end{document}


The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.






share|improve this answer













Here are some suggestions:



enter image description here



documentclass{article}

usepackage{mathtools,mathrsfs,bm,bigints}

begin{document}

[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= bigint_a^b left[ -m c^2 - q varphi dfrac{1}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} +
q frac{bar{u} cdot bar{A}}{sqrt{1 - dfrac{u^2}{c^2}}} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl[ -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr] mathrm{d}tau
end{aligned}
]

begin{align*}
mathscr{F}(bar{r}(t)) &= int_a^b L ,mathrm{d}t = int_a^b left[L dfrac{mathrm{d}t}{mathrm{d}tau} right] ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 - q varphi / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} +
q (bar{u} cdot bar{A}) / sqrt{1 - u^2 / c^2} ,bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau = \
&= int_a^b bigl( -m c^2 + q,bm{mathcal{U}} cdot bm{mathcal{A}} bigr) ,mathrm{d}tau
end{align*}

end{document}


The first suggestion uses an extended integral from bigints, but it places far too big an emphasis visually. Hence the second suggestion, and to use a less-intrusive fraction of the form a / b.







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Mar 1 at 23:44









WernerWerner

450k729981705




450k729981705








  • 2





    No, please, no! ;-)

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:52











  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51














  • 2





    No, please, no! ;-)

    – egreg
    Mar 1 at 23:52











  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51








2




2





No, please, no! ;-)

– egreg
Mar 1 at 23:52





No, please, no! ;-)

– egreg
Mar 1 at 23:52













Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:51





Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:51











2














First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.



To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn environment from nccmath. Further, I improved the layout of the middle row, using the mfrac command (medium-sized fractions) instead of dfrac.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}

begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphimfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qmfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer


























  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51
















2














First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.



To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn environment from nccmath. Further, I improved the layout of the middle row, using the mfrac command (medium-sized fractions) instead of dfrac.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}

begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphimfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qmfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer


























  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51














2












2








2







First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.



To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn environment from nccmath. Further, I improved the layout of the middle row, using the mfrac command (medium-sized fractions) instead of dfrac.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}

begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphimfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qmfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer















First you had unnecessary ampersands, and others were missing.



To have some equations left aligned, the simplest way is to use the fleqn environment from nccmath. Further, I improved the layout of the middle row, using the mfrac command (medium-sized fractions) instead of dfrac.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, nccmath}
usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no negative kern may follow the bar;
%an additional {} makes sure that the superscript is high enough in this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol, and if the first token is
%a letter, use that letter for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}

begin{fleqn}
begin{align*}
mathscr F(bar{r}(t))&= int_a^{b} L dt =int_a^{b} left[L frac{dt}{dtau}right]dtau=\
& =int_a^{b} Bigl[-mc^2-qvarphimfrac{1}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}mathstrut}{c^{2}}}}+qmfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-mfrac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}}Bigr] dtau=& &&&\
& =int_a^{b} left[-mc^2+q,boldsymbol{mathcal{U}}cdot boldsymbol{mathcal{A}}right] dtau\
end{align*}
end{fleqn}

end{document}


enter image description here







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited Mar 2 at 10:18

























answered Mar 1 at 23:46









BernardBernard

175k776207




175k776207













  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51



















  • Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51

















Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:51





Thank you very much. See the comment to Mico's answer.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:51











1














A little bit late to the game, but hopefully still useful.



enter image description here



In addition to placing & alignment points where they're needed, the main change from your sample code is the use of inline-fraction notation for the denominator terms in the middle row. By the way, there is no need for \ at the end of the final row of an aligned environment.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, bm}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253/5001
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of
%macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no
%negative kern may follow the bar; an additional {}
%makes sure that the superscript is high enough in
%this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first
%character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol,
%and if the first token is a letter, use that letter
%for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F} (bar{r}(t))
&=int_a^{b} ! L ,dt
= int_a^{b} Bigl[L frac{dt}{dtau}Bigr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} biggl[-mc^2-qvarphifrac{1}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}
+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}biggr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}},], dtau
end{aligned}
]
end{document}





share|improve this answer


























  • Thank you very much. I need everything to learn and to recognize the differences and tricks of the trade :-). The questions were all voted (as always) positively.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51








  • 1





    @Sebastiano: I've modified the code, using mfrac for all fractions in the middle row (I think it looks nicer).

    – Bernard
    Mar 2 at 10:21











  • @Bernard I hope that the electronic translation is good: you like everyone else is as if you were at home when you write to me. Obviously the polite and sensitive ones.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:24
















1














A little bit late to the game, but hopefully still useful.



enter image description here



In addition to placing & alignment points where they're needed, the main change from your sample code is the use of inline-fraction notation for the denominator terms in the middle row. By the way, there is no need for \ at the end of the final row of an aligned environment.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, bm}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253/5001
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of
%macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no
%negative kern may follow the bar; an additional {}
%makes sure that the superscript is high enough in
%this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first
%character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol,
%and if the first token is a letter, use that letter
%for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F} (bar{r}(t))
&=int_a^{b} ! L ,dt
= int_a^{b} Bigl[L frac{dt}{dtau}Bigr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} biggl[-mc^2-qvarphifrac{1}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}
+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}biggr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}},], dtau
end{aligned}
]
end{document}





share|improve this answer


























  • Thank you very much. I need everything to learn and to recognize the differences and tricks of the trade :-). The questions were all voted (as always) positively.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51








  • 1





    @Sebastiano: I've modified the code, using mfrac for all fractions in the middle row (I think it looks nicer).

    – Bernard
    Mar 2 at 10:21











  • @Bernard I hope that the electronic translation is good: you like everyone else is as if you were at home when you write to me. Obviously the polite and sensitive ones.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:24














1












1








1







A little bit late to the game, but hopefully still useful.



enter image description here



In addition to placing & alignment points where they're needed, the main change from your sample code is the use of inline-fraction notation for the denominator terms in the middle row. By the way, there is no need for \ at the end of the final row of an aligned environment.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, bm}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253/5001
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of
%macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no
%negative kern may follow the bar; an additional {}
%makes sure that the superscript is high enough in
%this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first
%character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol,
%and if the first token is a letter, use that letter
%for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F} (bar{r}(t))
&=int_a^{b} ! L ,dt
= int_a^{b} Bigl[L frac{dt}{dtau}Bigr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} biggl[-mc^2-qvarphifrac{1}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}
+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}biggr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}},], dtau
end{aligned}
]
end{document}





share|improve this answer















A little bit late to the game, but hopefully still useful.



enter image description here



In addition to placing & alignment points where they're needed, the main change from your sample code is the use of inline-fraction notation for the denominator terms in the middle row. By the way, there is no need for \ at the end of the final row of an aligned environment.



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
usepackage{mathtools, mathrsfs, bm}

%% Code for 'widebar' macro is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60253/5001
makeatletter
letsave@mathaccentmathaccent
newcommand*if@single[3]{%
setbox0hbox{${mathaccent"0362{#1}}^H$}%
setbox2hbox{${mathaccent"0362{kern0pt#1}}^H$}%
ifdimht0=ht2 #3else #2fi
}
%The bar will be moved to the right by a half of
%macc@kerna, which is computed by amsmath:
newcommand*rel@kern[1]{kern#1dimexprmacc@kerna}
%If there's a superscript following the bar, then no
%negative kern may follow the bar; an additional {}
%makes sure that the superscript is high enough in
%this case:
newcommand*widebar[1]{@ifnextchar^{{wide@bar{#1}{0}}}{wide@bar{#1}{1}}}
%Use a separate algorithm for single symbols:
newcommand*wide@bar[2]{if@single{#1}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{1}}{wide@bar@{#1}{#2}{2}}}
newcommand*wide@bar@[3]{%
begingroup
defmathaccent##1##2{%
%Enable nesting of accents:
letmathaccentsave@mathaccent
%If there's more than a single symbol, use the first
%character instead (see below):
if#32 letmacc@nucleusfirst@char fi
%Determine the italic correction:
setboxz@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}_{}$}%
setboxtw@hbox{$macc@style{macc@nucleus}{}_{}$}%
dimen@wdtw@
advancedimen@-wdz@
%Now dimen@ is the italic correction of the symbol.
dividedimen@ 3
@tempdimawdtw@
advance@tempdima-scriptspace
%Now @tempdima is the width of the symbol.
divide@tempdima 10
advancedimen@-@tempdima
%Now dimen@ = (italic correction / 3) - (Breite / 10)
ifdimdimen@>z@ dimen@0ptfi
%The bar will be shortened in the case dimen@<0 !
rel@kern{0.6}kern-dimen@
if#31
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@macc@nucleusrel@kern{0.4}kerndimen@}%
advancedimen@0.4dimexprmacc@kerna
%Place the combined final kern (-dimen@) if it is >0 or if a superscript follows:
letfinal@kern#2%
ifdimdimen@<z@ letfinal@kern1fi
iffinal@kern1 kern-dimen@fi
else
overline{rel@kern{-0.6}kerndimen@#1}%
fi
}%
macc@depth@ne
letmath@bgroup@empty letmath@egroupmacc@set@skewchar
mathsurroundz@ frozen@everymath{mathgroupmacc@grouprelax}%
macc@set@skewcharrelax
letmathaccentVmacc@nested@a
%The following initialises macc@kerna and calls mathaccent:
if#31
macc@nested@arelax111{#1}%
else
%If the argument consists of more than one symbol,
%and if the first token is a letter, use that letter
%for the computations:
defgobble@till@marker##1endmarker{}%
futureletfirst@chargobble@till@marker#1endmarker
ifcatnoexpandfirst@char Aelse
deffirst@char{}%
fi
macc@nested@arelax111{first@char}%
fi
endgroup
}
makeatother

begin{document}
[
begin{aligned}
mathscr{F} (bar{r}(t))
&=int_a^{b} ! L ,dt
= int_a^{b} Bigl[L frac{dt}{dtau}Bigr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} biggl[-mc^2-qvarphifrac{1}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}
+qfrac{bar{u}cdot widebar{A}}{sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}biggr] dtau = \
&=int_a^{b} [-mc^2+q,bm{mathcal{U}}cdot bm{mathcal{A}},], dtau
end{aligned}
]
end{document}






share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited Mar 2 at 11:03

























answered Mar 2 at 8:20









MicoMico

285k31388778




285k31388778













  • Thank you very much. I need everything to learn and to recognize the differences and tricks of the trade :-). The questions were all voted (as always) positively.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51








  • 1





    @Sebastiano: I've modified the code, using mfrac for all fractions in the middle row (I think it looks nicer).

    – Bernard
    Mar 2 at 10:21











  • @Bernard I hope that the electronic translation is good: you like everyone else is as if you were at home when you write to me. Obviously the polite and sensitive ones.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:24



















  • Thank you very much. I need everything to learn and to recognize the differences and tricks of the trade :-). The questions were all voted (as always) positively.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 9:51








  • 1





    @Sebastiano: I've modified the code, using mfrac for all fractions in the middle row (I think it looks nicer).

    – Bernard
    Mar 2 at 10:21











  • @Bernard I hope that the electronic translation is good: you like everyone else is as if you were at home when you write to me. Obviously the polite and sensitive ones.

    – Sebastiano
    Mar 2 at 10:24

















Thank you very much. I need everything to learn and to recognize the differences and tricks of the trade :-). The questions were all voted (as always) positively.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:51







Thank you very much. I need everything to learn and to recognize the differences and tricks of the trade :-). The questions were all voted (as always) positively.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 9:51






1




1





@Sebastiano: I've modified the code, using mfrac for all fractions in the middle row (I think it looks nicer).

– Bernard
Mar 2 at 10:21





@Sebastiano: I've modified the code, using mfrac for all fractions in the middle row (I think it looks nicer).

– Bernard
Mar 2 at 10:21













@Bernard I hope that the electronic translation is good: you like everyone else is as if you were at home when you write to me. Obviously the polite and sensitive ones.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 10:24





@Bernard I hope that the electronic translation is good: you like everyone else is as if you were at home when you write to me. Obviously the polite and sensitive ones.

– Sebastiano
Mar 2 at 10:24


















draft saved

draft discarded




















































Thanks for contributing an answer to TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2ftex.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f477369%2fa-universal-method-for-left-hand-alignment-of-a-sequence-of-equalities%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







Popular posts from this blog

Probability when a professor distributes a quiz and homework assignment to a class of n students.

Aardman Animations

Are they similar matrix