What's the remainder if $99{,}999^{99}$ is divided by $999{,}999$?
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
What's the remainder if $99{,}999^{99}$ is divided by $999{,}999$?
Is there any formula or trick method to achieve this?
Also kindly ignore the improper use of tag as i don't know which tag to choose
elementary-number-theory modular-arithmetic
|
show 2 more comments
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
What's the remainder if $99{,}999^{99}$ is divided by $999{,}999$?
Is there any formula or trick method to achieve this?
Also kindly ignore the improper use of tag as i don't know which tag to choose
elementary-number-theory modular-arithmetic
Hint: relabel $999999$ as $x$. What's the remainder after division?
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 20:58
1
Computer says 123579, but I don't see elegant trick besides laboriously doing square-and-multiply
– Hagen von Eitzen
Nov 21 at 21:07
@JohnDouma: I don't get it.
– TonyK
Nov 21 at 23:21
@Hagen Your hardware is consistent with my wetware - see my answer.
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 23:34
@TonyK I misread the question. I thought both numbers consisted of six $9$s.
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 23:39
|
show 2 more comments
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
What's the remainder if $99{,}999^{99}$ is divided by $999{,}999$?
Is there any formula or trick method to achieve this?
Also kindly ignore the improper use of tag as i don't know which tag to choose
elementary-number-theory modular-arithmetic
What's the remainder if $99{,}999^{99}$ is divided by $999{,}999$?
Is there any formula or trick method to achieve this?
Also kindly ignore the improper use of tag as i don't know which tag to choose
elementary-number-theory modular-arithmetic
elementary-number-theory modular-arithmetic
edited Nov 22 at 0:01
Barry Cipra
58.6k653122
58.6k653122
asked Nov 21 at 20:56
Girish venkata
212
212
Hint: relabel $999999$ as $x$. What's the remainder after division?
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 20:58
1
Computer says 123579, but I don't see elegant trick besides laboriously doing square-and-multiply
– Hagen von Eitzen
Nov 21 at 21:07
@JohnDouma: I don't get it.
– TonyK
Nov 21 at 23:21
@Hagen Your hardware is consistent with my wetware - see my answer.
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 23:34
@TonyK I misread the question. I thought both numbers consisted of six $9$s.
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 23:39
|
show 2 more comments
Hint: relabel $999999$ as $x$. What's the remainder after division?
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 20:58
1
Computer says 123579, but I don't see elegant trick besides laboriously doing square-and-multiply
– Hagen von Eitzen
Nov 21 at 21:07
@JohnDouma: I don't get it.
– TonyK
Nov 21 at 23:21
@Hagen Your hardware is consistent with my wetware - see my answer.
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 23:34
@TonyK I misread the question. I thought both numbers consisted of six $9$s.
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 23:39
Hint: relabel $999999$ as $x$. What's the remainder after division?
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 20:58
Hint: relabel $999999$ as $x$. What's the remainder after division?
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 20:58
1
1
Computer says 123579, but I don't see elegant trick besides laboriously doing square-and-multiply
– Hagen von Eitzen
Nov 21 at 21:07
Computer says 123579, but I don't see elegant trick besides laboriously doing square-and-multiply
– Hagen von Eitzen
Nov 21 at 21:07
@JohnDouma: I don't get it.
– TonyK
Nov 21 at 23:21
@JohnDouma: I don't get it.
– TonyK
Nov 21 at 23:21
@Hagen Your hardware is consistent with my wetware - see my answer.
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 23:34
@Hagen Your hardware is consistent with my wetware - see my answer.
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 23:34
@TonyK I misread the question. I thought both numbers consisted of six $9$s.
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 23:39
@TonyK I misread the question. I thought both numbers consisted of six $9$s.
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 23:39
|
show 2 more comments
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
up vote
2
down vote
$!bmod 999999!:, 10cdot99999equiv -9 $ so $ 99999 equiv -9/10$
Thus $,99999^{large99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 3}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99} $ via $ 10^{large
6}equiv 1$
$n := 999999/27 = 7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37.,$ mod each $p,,$ $9,$ has order $,3,5,3,9,$ so $,9^{large color{#c00}{45}}equiv 1pmod{!n}$
so $ 9^{large 99}!bmod 999999 = 27(3cdot 9^{large color{#c00}{97}}!bmod n) = 27(3cdot 9^{large 7}!bmod n) equiv 9^{large 9}!pmod{!999999}$
Hence we conclude $ 99999^{large 99}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99}equiv {-}10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 9}equiv 123579,pmod{!999999}$
Due to $999999$ isn't a prime number you should say that $10$ has an inverse because it's coprime with $999999$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:51
Then you can't arbitrarly pass from mod $999999$ to mod $n$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:52
He's using the Chinese remainder theorem there. It's clear that $99999^{99} equiv 0 bmod 27$.
– Qiaochu Yuan
Nov 21 at 22:53
@PDeDonato That's obvious: $bmod 10^6-1!:, 10cdot 10^5equiv 1 $ so $10^{-1}equiv 10^5 $
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 22:54
I know it, but the answer isn't so clear.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:56
|
show 3 more comments
up vote
2
down vote
We work in the ring $R=Bbb Z/N$, with operation modulo $N=999999=10^6-1$.
(Equalities below address computations in $R$.)
Then
$$
begin{aligned}
99999^{99}
&=(99999-999999)^{99} =(-900000)^{99}=-9^{99}cdot (10^5)^{99}\
&=-3^{198}cdot 10^{495}=-3^{198}cdot {underbrace{(10^6)}_{=1}}^{82}cdot 10^3=-3^{198}cdot 1000 .
end{aligned}
$$
Now the order of (the unit) $3$ in the ring
$Bbb Z/37037
=Bbb Z/(7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37)
cong
(Bbb Z/7)times
(Bbb Z/11)times
(Bbb Z/13)times
(Bbb Z/37)
$
is $90$, but we need only the simpler information that $3^{180}$ is one modulo $37037$. This is so because $180$ is a multiple of $(7-1)$, $(11-1)$, $(13-1)$, and $(37-1)$. So instead of $3^{198}$ we write the smaller power $3^{18}=387420489$.
We finally search for a number which is $0$ modulo $27$, and also $-387420489000$ modulo $37037$, which is $12468$. After rearrangements modulo $3,9,27$ we get the result
$$123579 .$$
Note: A computer algebra system like sage delivers immediately
sage: Zmod(999999)(99999)^99
123579
This is essentially the same as my answer, except I used the mod distributive law form of CRT (which makes it simpler).
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 22 at 0:45
I committed it now after typing in the train... Yes, same computation.
– dan_fulea
Nov 22 at 0:50
Thank you very much, it took some time but i eventually understood
– Girish venkata
Nov 26 at 18:12
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
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active
oldest
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up vote
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$!bmod 999999!:, 10cdot99999equiv -9 $ so $ 99999 equiv -9/10$
Thus $,99999^{large99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 3}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99} $ via $ 10^{large
6}equiv 1$
$n := 999999/27 = 7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37.,$ mod each $p,,$ $9,$ has order $,3,5,3,9,$ so $,9^{large color{#c00}{45}}equiv 1pmod{!n}$
so $ 9^{large 99}!bmod 999999 = 27(3cdot 9^{large color{#c00}{97}}!bmod n) = 27(3cdot 9^{large 7}!bmod n) equiv 9^{large 9}!pmod{!999999}$
Hence we conclude $ 99999^{large 99}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99}equiv {-}10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 9}equiv 123579,pmod{!999999}$
Due to $999999$ isn't a prime number you should say that $10$ has an inverse because it's coprime with $999999$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:51
Then you can't arbitrarly pass from mod $999999$ to mod $n$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:52
He's using the Chinese remainder theorem there. It's clear that $99999^{99} equiv 0 bmod 27$.
– Qiaochu Yuan
Nov 21 at 22:53
@PDeDonato That's obvious: $bmod 10^6-1!:, 10cdot 10^5equiv 1 $ so $10^{-1}equiv 10^5 $
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 22:54
I know it, but the answer isn't so clear.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:56
|
show 3 more comments
up vote
2
down vote
$!bmod 999999!:, 10cdot99999equiv -9 $ so $ 99999 equiv -9/10$
Thus $,99999^{large99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 3}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99} $ via $ 10^{large
6}equiv 1$
$n := 999999/27 = 7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37.,$ mod each $p,,$ $9,$ has order $,3,5,3,9,$ so $,9^{large color{#c00}{45}}equiv 1pmod{!n}$
so $ 9^{large 99}!bmod 999999 = 27(3cdot 9^{large color{#c00}{97}}!bmod n) = 27(3cdot 9^{large 7}!bmod n) equiv 9^{large 9}!pmod{!999999}$
Hence we conclude $ 99999^{large 99}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99}equiv {-}10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 9}equiv 123579,pmod{!999999}$
Due to $999999$ isn't a prime number you should say that $10$ has an inverse because it's coprime with $999999$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:51
Then you can't arbitrarly pass from mod $999999$ to mod $n$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:52
He's using the Chinese remainder theorem there. It's clear that $99999^{99} equiv 0 bmod 27$.
– Qiaochu Yuan
Nov 21 at 22:53
@PDeDonato That's obvious: $bmod 10^6-1!:, 10cdot 10^5equiv 1 $ so $10^{-1}equiv 10^5 $
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 22:54
I know it, but the answer isn't so clear.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:56
|
show 3 more comments
up vote
2
down vote
up vote
2
down vote
$!bmod 999999!:, 10cdot99999equiv -9 $ so $ 99999 equiv -9/10$
Thus $,99999^{large99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 3}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99} $ via $ 10^{large
6}equiv 1$
$n := 999999/27 = 7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37.,$ mod each $p,,$ $9,$ has order $,3,5,3,9,$ so $,9^{large color{#c00}{45}}equiv 1pmod{!n}$
so $ 9^{large 99}!bmod 999999 = 27(3cdot 9^{large color{#c00}{97}}!bmod n) = 27(3cdot 9^{large 7}!bmod n) equiv 9^{large 9}!pmod{!999999}$
Hence we conclude $ 99999^{large 99}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99}equiv {-}10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 9}equiv 123579,pmod{!999999}$
$!bmod 999999!:, 10cdot99999equiv -9 $ so $ 99999 equiv -9/10$
Thus $,99999^{large99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 99}equiv -9^{large 99}/10^{large 3}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99} $ via $ 10^{large
6}equiv 1$
$n := 999999/27 = 7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37.,$ mod each $p,,$ $9,$ has order $,3,5,3,9,$ so $,9^{large color{#c00}{45}}equiv 1pmod{!n}$
so $ 9^{large 99}!bmod 999999 = 27(3cdot 9^{large color{#c00}{97}}!bmod n) = 27(3cdot 9^{large 7}!bmod n) equiv 9^{large 9}!pmod{!999999}$
Hence we conclude $ 99999^{large 99}equiv -10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 99}equiv {-}10^{large 3}cdot 9^{large 9}equiv 123579,pmod{!999999}$
edited Nov 22 at 0:39
answered Nov 21 at 22:35
Bill Dubuque
207k29189624
207k29189624
Due to $999999$ isn't a prime number you should say that $10$ has an inverse because it's coprime with $999999$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:51
Then you can't arbitrarly pass from mod $999999$ to mod $n$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:52
He's using the Chinese remainder theorem there. It's clear that $99999^{99} equiv 0 bmod 27$.
– Qiaochu Yuan
Nov 21 at 22:53
@PDeDonato That's obvious: $bmod 10^6-1!:, 10cdot 10^5equiv 1 $ so $10^{-1}equiv 10^5 $
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 22:54
I know it, but the answer isn't so clear.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:56
|
show 3 more comments
Due to $999999$ isn't a prime number you should say that $10$ has an inverse because it's coprime with $999999$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:51
Then you can't arbitrarly pass from mod $999999$ to mod $n$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:52
He's using the Chinese remainder theorem there. It's clear that $99999^{99} equiv 0 bmod 27$.
– Qiaochu Yuan
Nov 21 at 22:53
@PDeDonato That's obvious: $bmod 10^6-1!:, 10cdot 10^5equiv 1 $ so $10^{-1}equiv 10^5 $
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 22:54
I know it, but the answer isn't so clear.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:56
Due to $999999$ isn't a prime number you should say that $10$ has an inverse because it's coprime with $999999$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:51
Due to $999999$ isn't a prime number you should say that $10$ has an inverse because it's coprime with $999999$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:51
Then you can't arbitrarly pass from mod $999999$ to mod $n$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:52
Then you can't arbitrarly pass from mod $999999$ to mod $n$.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:52
He's using the Chinese remainder theorem there. It's clear that $99999^{99} equiv 0 bmod 27$.
– Qiaochu Yuan
Nov 21 at 22:53
He's using the Chinese remainder theorem there. It's clear that $99999^{99} equiv 0 bmod 27$.
– Qiaochu Yuan
Nov 21 at 22:53
@PDeDonato That's obvious: $bmod 10^6-1!:, 10cdot 10^5equiv 1 $ so $10^{-1}equiv 10^5 $
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 22:54
@PDeDonato That's obvious: $bmod 10^6-1!:, 10cdot 10^5equiv 1 $ so $10^{-1}equiv 10^5 $
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 22:54
I know it, but the answer isn't so clear.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:56
I know it, but the answer isn't so clear.
– P De Donato
Nov 21 at 22:56
|
show 3 more comments
up vote
2
down vote
We work in the ring $R=Bbb Z/N$, with operation modulo $N=999999=10^6-1$.
(Equalities below address computations in $R$.)
Then
$$
begin{aligned}
99999^{99}
&=(99999-999999)^{99} =(-900000)^{99}=-9^{99}cdot (10^5)^{99}\
&=-3^{198}cdot 10^{495}=-3^{198}cdot {underbrace{(10^6)}_{=1}}^{82}cdot 10^3=-3^{198}cdot 1000 .
end{aligned}
$$
Now the order of (the unit) $3$ in the ring
$Bbb Z/37037
=Bbb Z/(7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37)
cong
(Bbb Z/7)times
(Bbb Z/11)times
(Bbb Z/13)times
(Bbb Z/37)
$
is $90$, but we need only the simpler information that $3^{180}$ is one modulo $37037$. This is so because $180$ is a multiple of $(7-1)$, $(11-1)$, $(13-1)$, and $(37-1)$. So instead of $3^{198}$ we write the smaller power $3^{18}=387420489$.
We finally search for a number which is $0$ modulo $27$, and also $-387420489000$ modulo $37037$, which is $12468$. After rearrangements modulo $3,9,27$ we get the result
$$123579 .$$
Note: A computer algebra system like sage delivers immediately
sage: Zmod(999999)(99999)^99
123579
This is essentially the same as my answer, except I used the mod distributive law form of CRT (which makes it simpler).
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 22 at 0:45
I committed it now after typing in the train... Yes, same computation.
– dan_fulea
Nov 22 at 0:50
Thank you very much, it took some time but i eventually understood
– Girish venkata
Nov 26 at 18:12
add a comment |
up vote
2
down vote
We work in the ring $R=Bbb Z/N$, with operation modulo $N=999999=10^6-1$.
(Equalities below address computations in $R$.)
Then
$$
begin{aligned}
99999^{99}
&=(99999-999999)^{99} =(-900000)^{99}=-9^{99}cdot (10^5)^{99}\
&=-3^{198}cdot 10^{495}=-3^{198}cdot {underbrace{(10^6)}_{=1}}^{82}cdot 10^3=-3^{198}cdot 1000 .
end{aligned}
$$
Now the order of (the unit) $3$ in the ring
$Bbb Z/37037
=Bbb Z/(7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37)
cong
(Bbb Z/7)times
(Bbb Z/11)times
(Bbb Z/13)times
(Bbb Z/37)
$
is $90$, but we need only the simpler information that $3^{180}$ is one modulo $37037$. This is so because $180$ is a multiple of $(7-1)$, $(11-1)$, $(13-1)$, and $(37-1)$. So instead of $3^{198}$ we write the smaller power $3^{18}=387420489$.
We finally search for a number which is $0$ modulo $27$, and also $-387420489000$ modulo $37037$, which is $12468$. After rearrangements modulo $3,9,27$ we get the result
$$123579 .$$
Note: A computer algebra system like sage delivers immediately
sage: Zmod(999999)(99999)^99
123579
This is essentially the same as my answer, except I used the mod distributive law form of CRT (which makes it simpler).
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 22 at 0:45
I committed it now after typing in the train... Yes, same computation.
– dan_fulea
Nov 22 at 0:50
Thank you very much, it took some time but i eventually understood
– Girish venkata
Nov 26 at 18:12
add a comment |
up vote
2
down vote
up vote
2
down vote
We work in the ring $R=Bbb Z/N$, with operation modulo $N=999999=10^6-1$.
(Equalities below address computations in $R$.)
Then
$$
begin{aligned}
99999^{99}
&=(99999-999999)^{99} =(-900000)^{99}=-9^{99}cdot (10^5)^{99}\
&=-3^{198}cdot 10^{495}=-3^{198}cdot {underbrace{(10^6)}_{=1}}^{82}cdot 10^3=-3^{198}cdot 1000 .
end{aligned}
$$
Now the order of (the unit) $3$ in the ring
$Bbb Z/37037
=Bbb Z/(7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37)
cong
(Bbb Z/7)times
(Bbb Z/11)times
(Bbb Z/13)times
(Bbb Z/37)
$
is $90$, but we need only the simpler information that $3^{180}$ is one modulo $37037$. This is so because $180$ is a multiple of $(7-1)$, $(11-1)$, $(13-1)$, and $(37-1)$. So instead of $3^{198}$ we write the smaller power $3^{18}=387420489$.
We finally search for a number which is $0$ modulo $27$, and also $-387420489000$ modulo $37037$, which is $12468$. After rearrangements modulo $3,9,27$ we get the result
$$123579 .$$
Note: A computer algebra system like sage delivers immediately
sage: Zmod(999999)(99999)^99
123579
We work in the ring $R=Bbb Z/N$, with operation modulo $N=999999=10^6-1$.
(Equalities below address computations in $R$.)
Then
$$
begin{aligned}
99999^{99}
&=(99999-999999)^{99} =(-900000)^{99}=-9^{99}cdot (10^5)^{99}\
&=-3^{198}cdot 10^{495}=-3^{198}cdot {underbrace{(10^6)}_{=1}}^{82}cdot 10^3=-3^{198}cdot 1000 .
end{aligned}
$$
Now the order of (the unit) $3$ in the ring
$Bbb Z/37037
=Bbb Z/(7cdot 11cdot 13cdot 37)
cong
(Bbb Z/7)times
(Bbb Z/11)times
(Bbb Z/13)times
(Bbb Z/37)
$
is $90$, but we need only the simpler information that $3^{180}$ is one modulo $37037$. This is so because $180$ is a multiple of $(7-1)$, $(11-1)$, $(13-1)$, and $(37-1)$. So instead of $3^{198}$ we write the smaller power $3^{18}=387420489$.
We finally search for a number which is $0$ modulo $27$, and also $-387420489000$ modulo $37037$, which is $12468$. After rearrangements modulo $3,9,27$ we get the result
$$123579 .$$
Note: A computer algebra system like sage delivers immediately
sage: Zmod(999999)(99999)^99
123579
answered Nov 22 at 0:42
dan_fulea
6,2101312
6,2101312
This is essentially the same as my answer, except I used the mod distributive law form of CRT (which makes it simpler).
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 22 at 0:45
I committed it now after typing in the train... Yes, same computation.
– dan_fulea
Nov 22 at 0:50
Thank you very much, it took some time but i eventually understood
– Girish venkata
Nov 26 at 18:12
add a comment |
This is essentially the same as my answer, except I used the mod distributive law form of CRT (which makes it simpler).
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 22 at 0:45
I committed it now after typing in the train... Yes, same computation.
– dan_fulea
Nov 22 at 0:50
Thank you very much, it took some time but i eventually understood
– Girish venkata
Nov 26 at 18:12
This is essentially the same as my answer, except I used the mod distributive law form of CRT (which makes it simpler).
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 22 at 0:45
This is essentially the same as my answer, except I used the mod distributive law form of CRT (which makes it simpler).
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 22 at 0:45
I committed it now after typing in the train... Yes, same computation.
– dan_fulea
Nov 22 at 0:50
I committed it now after typing in the train... Yes, same computation.
– dan_fulea
Nov 22 at 0:50
Thank you very much, it took some time but i eventually understood
– Girish venkata
Nov 26 at 18:12
Thank you very much, it took some time but i eventually understood
– Girish venkata
Nov 26 at 18:12
add a comment |
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Hint: relabel $999999$ as $x$. What's the remainder after division?
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 20:58
1
Computer says 123579, but I don't see elegant trick besides laboriously doing square-and-multiply
– Hagen von Eitzen
Nov 21 at 21:07
@JohnDouma: I don't get it.
– TonyK
Nov 21 at 23:21
@Hagen Your hardware is consistent with my wetware - see my answer.
– Bill Dubuque
Nov 21 at 23:34
@TonyK I misread the question. I thought both numbers consisted of six $9$s.
– John Douma
Nov 21 at 23:39