If $p,q,r$ be lengths of perpendiculars from vertices of triangle $ABC$ on any line, prove...











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Let :
$$A:=(x_1,y_1),$$
$$B:=(x_2,y_2),$$
$$C:=(x_3,y_3)$$
be the vertices of the triangle $ABC$. Consider an arbitrary straight line in perpendicular form $xcos theta + ysin theta - t = 0$. Then the lengths of the perpendiculars from the vertices of the triangle are:
$$p=x_1cos theta + y_1sin theta - t,$$
$$q=x_2cos theta + y_2sin theta - t,$$
$$r=x_3cos theta + y_3sin theta - t.$$
Moreover, the lengths of the sides of the triangle are:
$$a^2=(x_3-x_2)^2+(y_3-y_2)^2,$$
$$b^2=(x_1-x_3)^2+(y_1-y_3)^2,$$
$$c^2=(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2.$$
Using the above values I tried to evaluate the LHS to prove the desired result, but that way is too tedious. Can anyone suggest me a better proof?










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  • Here $∆$ is the area of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 7:59










  • I think you are probably using "signed lengths," and if so, then this should be clearly stated in the problem statement. That is, you set one direction to be positive and the other negative. If the straight line cuts through the triangle and you are not using signed length, then I am afraid that the claim is false.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:32












  • @Batominovski, the actual problem (as mentioned in the textbook) considers any straight line and tells nothing about whether the lengths are signed or not.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 8:57










  • Then, I suggest that you added "signed lengths" anyhow because the problem is false without using signed lengths.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:59






  • 2




    @JeanMarie This is because the perpendiculars are not the altitudes of the triangle. Let me restate the problem. There is a triangle $ABC$ and there is a fixed straight line $l$. Project $A$, $B$, and $C$ orthogonally onto $l$ to get the points $X$, $Y$, and $Z$, respectively. Then, $p$, $q$, and $r$ are the signed lengths $AX$, $BY$, and $CZ$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 9:38

















up vote
2
down vote

favorite
2












Let :
$$A:=(x_1,y_1),$$
$$B:=(x_2,y_2),$$
$$C:=(x_3,y_3)$$
be the vertices of the triangle $ABC$. Consider an arbitrary straight line in perpendicular form $xcos theta + ysin theta - t = 0$. Then the lengths of the perpendiculars from the vertices of the triangle are:
$$p=x_1cos theta + y_1sin theta - t,$$
$$q=x_2cos theta + y_2sin theta - t,$$
$$r=x_3cos theta + y_3sin theta - t.$$
Moreover, the lengths of the sides of the triangle are:
$$a^2=(x_3-x_2)^2+(y_3-y_2)^2,$$
$$b^2=(x_1-x_3)^2+(y_1-y_3)^2,$$
$$c^2=(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2.$$
Using the above values I tried to evaluate the LHS to prove the desired result, but that way is too tedious. Can anyone suggest me a better proof?










share|cite|improve this question
























  • Here $∆$ is the area of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 7:59










  • I think you are probably using "signed lengths," and if so, then this should be clearly stated in the problem statement. That is, you set one direction to be positive and the other negative. If the straight line cuts through the triangle and you are not using signed length, then I am afraid that the claim is false.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:32












  • @Batominovski, the actual problem (as mentioned in the textbook) considers any straight line and tells nothing about whether the lengths are signed or not.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 8:57










  • Then, I suggest that you added "signed lengths" anyhow because the problem is false without using signed lengths.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:59






  • 2




    @JeanMarie This is because the perpendiculars are not the altitudes of the triangle. Let me restate the problem. There is a triangle $ABC$ and there is a fixed straight line $l$. Project $A$, $B$, and $C$ orthogonally onto $l$ to get the points $X$, $Y$, and $Z$, respectively. Then, $p$, $q$, and $r$ are the signed lengths $AX$, $BY$, and $CZ$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 9:38















up vote
2
down vote

favorite
2









up vote
2
down vote

favorite
2






2





Let :
$$A:=(x_1,y_1),$$
$$B:=(x_2,y_2),$$
$$C:=(x_3,y_3)$$
be the vertices of the triangle $ABC$. Consider an arbitrary straight line in perpendicular form $xcos theta + ysin theta - t = 0$. Then the lengths of the perpendiculars from the vertices of the triangle are:
$$p=x_1cos theta + y_1sin theta - t,$$
$$q=x_2cos theta + y_2sin theta - t,$$
$$r=x_3cos theta + y_3sin theta - t.$$
Moreover, the lengths of the sides of the triangle are:
$$a^2=(x_3-x_2)^2+(y_3-y_2)^2,$$
$$b^2=(x_1-x_3)^2+(y_1-y_3)^2,$$
$$c^2=(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2.$$
Using the above values I tried to evaluate the LHS to prove the desired result, but that way is too tedious. Can anyone suggest me a better proof?










share|cite|improve this question















Let :
$$A:=(x_1,y_1),$$
$$B:=(x_2,y_2),$$
$$C:=(x_3,y_3)$$
be the vertices of the triangle $ABC$. Consider an arbitrary straight line in perpendicular form $xcos theta + ysin theta - t = 0$. Then the lengths of the perpendiculars from the vertices of the triangle are:
$$p=x_1cos theta + y_1sin theta - t,$$
$$q=x_2cos theta + y_2sin theta - t,$$
$$r=x_3cos theta + y_3sin theta - t.$$
Moreover, the lengths of the sides of the triangle are:
$$a^2=(x_3-x_2)^2+(y_3-y_2)^2,$$
$$b^2=(x_1-x_3)^2+(y_1-y_3)^2,$$
$$c^2=(x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2.$$
Using the above values I tried to evaluate the LHS to prove the desired result, but that way is too tedious. Can anyone suggest me a better proof?







geometry euclidean-geometry analytic-geometry triangle area






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edited Nov 21 at 14:37

























asked Nov 21 at 7:56









Awe Kumar Jha

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  • Here $∆$ is the area of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 7:59










  • I think you are probably using "signed lengths," and if so, then this should be clearly stated in the problem statement. That is, you set one direction to be positive and the other negative. If the straight line cuts through the triangle and you are not using signed length, then I am afraid that the claim is false.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:32












  • @Batominovski, the actual problem (as mentioned in the textbook) considers any straight line and tells nothing about whether the lengths are signed or not.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 8:57










  • Then, I suggest that you added "signed lengths" anyhow because the problem is false without using signed lengths.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:59






  • 2




    @JeanMarie This is because the perpendiculars are not the altitudes of the triangle. Let me restate the problem. There is a triangle $ABC$ and there is a fixed straight line $l$. Project $A$, $B$, and $C$ orthogonally onto $l$ to get the points $X$, $Y$, and $Z$, respectively. Then, $p$, $q$, and $r$ are the signed lengths $AX$, $BY$, and $CZ$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 9:38




















  • Here $∆$ is the area of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 7:59










  • I think you are probably using "signed lengths," and if so, then this should be clearly stated in the problem statement. That is, you set one direction to be positive and the other negative. If the straight line cuts through the triangle and you are not using signed length, then I am afraid that the claim is false.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:32












  • @Batominovski, the actual problem (as mentioned in the textbook) considers any straight line and tells nothing about whether the lengths are signed or not.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 8:57










  • Then, I suggest that you added "signed lengths" anyhow because the problem is false without using signed lengths.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 8:59






  • 2




    @JeanMarie This is because the perpendiculars are not the altitudes of the triangle. Let me restate the problem. There is a triangle $ABC$ and there is a fixed straight line $l$. Project $A$, $B$, and $C$ orthogonally onto $l$ to get the points $X$, $Y$, and $Z$, respectively. Then, $p$, $q$, and $r$ are the signed lengths $AX$, $BY$, and $CZ$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 9:38


















Here $∆$ is the area of the triangle.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 7:59




Here $∆$ is the area of the triangle.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 7:59












I think you are probably using "signed lengths," and if so, then this should be clearly stated in the problem statement. That is, you set one direction to be positive and the other negative. If the straight line cuts through the triangle and you are not using signed length, then I am afraid that the claim is false.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 8:32






I think you are probably using "signed lengths," and if so, then this should be clearly stated in the problem statement. That is, you set one direction to be positive and the other negative. If the straight line cuts through the triangle and you are not using signed length, then I am afraid that the claim is false.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 8:32














@Batominovski, the actual problem (as mentioned in the textbook) considers any straight line and tells nothing about whether the lengths are signed or not.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 8:57




@Batominovski, the actual problem (as mentioned in the textbook) considers any straight line and tells nothing about whether the lengths are signed or not.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 8:57












Then, I suggest that you added "signed lengths" anyhow because the problem is false without using signed lengths.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 8:59




Then, I suggest that you added "signed lengths" anyhow because the problem is false without using signed lengths.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 8:59




2




2




@JeanMarie This is because the perpendiculars are not the altitudes of the triangle. Let me restate the problem. There is a triangle $ABC$ and there is a fixed straight line $l$. Project $A$, $B$, and $C$ orthogonally onto $l$ to get the points $X$, $Y$, and $Z$, respectively. Then, $p$, $q$, and $r$ are the signed lengths $AX$, $BY$, and $CZ$.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 9:38






@JeanMarie This is because the perpendiculars are not the altitudes of the triangle. Let me restate the problem. There is a triangle $ABC$ and there is a fixed straight line $l$. Project $A$, $B$, and $C$ orthogonally onto $l$ to get the points $X$, $Y$, and $Z$, respectively. Then, $p$, $q$, and $r$ are the signed lengths $AX$, $BY$, and $CZ$.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 9:38












1 Answer
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4
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Hint. Let $$f(u,v,w):=(v-w)^2(p-q)(p-r)+(w-u)^2(q-r)(q-p)+(u-v)^2(r-p)(r-q),.$$ Observe that
$$begin{align}f(u,v,w)&=big((v-w)pbig)^2+big((w-u)qbig)^2+big((u-v)rbig)^2\&phantom{aaaaa}+2,big((w-u)qbig),big((u-v)rbig)+2,big((u-v)rbig),big((v-w)pbig)+2,big((v-w)pbig),big((w-u)qbig),.end{align}$$
Therefore,
$$f(u,v,w)=Big(detbig(M(u,v,w)big)Big)^2,,$$ where $$M(u,v,w):=begin{bmatrix}1&p&u\1&q&v\1&r&wend{bmatrix},.$$






share|cite|improve this answer























  • I think the parameters $u,v,w$ are the three vertices of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 10:53






  • 3




    Not quite. Treat the straight line as the $x$-axis. Then the coordinates of the points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are $(u,p)$, $(v,q)$, and $(w,r)$, respectively. Then your expression equals $f(p,q,r)+f(u,v,w)$, but of course, $f(p,q,r)=0$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 11:19










  • I don't see how the parameters can be employed, for defining $v-w:=a$,$w-u:=b$,$u-v:=c$ gives an unexpected result , $a+b+c=0$. Moreover, we need to eliminate $p,q,r$ from the expression of $det A$.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 13:23








  • 1




    That is not what I did. You note that $a^2=(q-r)^2+(v-w)^2$, $b^2=(r-p)^2+(w-u)^2$, and $c^2=(p-q)^2+(u-v)^2$. And the absolute value of $detbig(M(u,v,w)big)$ is precisely twice the area of the triangle with vertices $A(u,p)$, $B(v,q)$, and $C(w,r)$. (I changed the name of the matrix to $M$ so that we don't confuse it with the point $A$.)
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 18:32













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1 Answer
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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
4
down vote



accepted










Hint. Let $$f(u,v,w):=(v-w)^2(p-q)(p-r)+(w-u)^2(q-r)(q-p)+(u-v)^2(r-p)(r-q),.$$ Observe that
$$begin{align}f(u,v,w)&=big((v-w)pbig)^2+big((w-u)qbig)^2+big((u-v)rbig)^2\&phantom{aaaaa}+2,big((w-u)qbig),big((u-v)rbig)+2,big((u-v)rbig),big((v-w)pbig)+2,big((v-w)pbig),big((w-u)qbig),.end{align}$$
Therefore,
$$f(u,v,w)=Big(detbig(M(u,v,w)big)Big)^2,,$$ where $$M(u,v,w):=begin{bmatrix}1&p&u\1&q&v\1&r&wend{bmatrix},.$$






share|cite|improve this answer























  • I think the parameters $u,v,w$ are the three vertices of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 10:53






  • 3




    Not quite. Treat the straight line as the $x$-axis. Then the coordinates of the points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are $(u,p)$, $(v,q)$, and $(w,r)$, respectively. Then your expression equals $f(p,q,r)+f(u,v,w)$, but of course, $f(p,q,r)=0$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 11:19










  • I don't see how the parameters can be employed, for defining $v-w:=a$,$w-u:=b$,$u-v:=c$ gives an unexpected result , $a+b+c=0$. Moreover, we need to eliminate $p,q,r$ from the expression of $det A$.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 13:23








  • 1




    That is not what I did. You note that $a^2=(q-r)^2+(v-w)^2$, $b^2=(r-p)^2+(w-u)^2$, and $c^2=(p-q)^2+(u-v)^2$. And the absolute value of $detbig(M(u,v,w)big)$ is precisely twice the area of the triangle with vertices $A(u,p)$, $B(v,q)$, and $C(w,r)$. (I changed the name of the matrix to $M$ so that we don't confuse it with the point $A$.)
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 18:32

















up vote
4
down vote



accepted










Hint. Let $$f(u,v,w):=(v-w)^2(p-q)(p-r)+(w-u)^2(q-r)(q-p)+(u-v)^2(r-p)(r-q),.$$ Observe that
$$begin{align}f(u,v,w)&=big((v-w)pbig)^2+big((w-u)qbig)^2+big((u-v)rbig)^2\&phantom{aaaaa}+2,big((w-u)qbig),big((u-v)rbig)+2,big((u-v)rbig),big((v-w)pbig)+2,big((v-w)pbig),big((w-u)qbig),.end{align}$$
Therefore,
$$f(u,v,w)=Big(detbig(M(u,v,w)big)Big)^2,,$$ where $$M(u,v,w):=begin{bmatrix}1&p&u\1&q&v\1&r&wend{bmatrix},.$$






share|cite|improve this answer























  • I think the parameters $u,v,w$ are the three vertices of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 10:53






  • 3




    Not quite. Treat the straight line as the $x$-axis. Then the coordinates of the points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are $(u,p)$, $(v,q)$, and $(w,r)$, respectively. Then your expression equals $f(p,q,r)+f(u,v,w)$, but of course, $f(p,q,r)=0$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 11:19










  • I don't see how the parameters can be employed, for defining $v-w:=a$,$w-u:=b$,$u-v:=c$ gives an unexpected result , $a+b+c=0$. Moreover, we need to eliminate $p,q,r$ from the expression of $det A$.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 13:23








  • 1




    That is not what I did. You note that $a^2=(q-r)^2+(v-w)^2$, $b^2=(r-p)^2+(w-u)^2$, and $c^2=(p-q)^2+(u-v)^2$. And the absolute value of $detbig(M(u,v,w)big)$ is precisely twice the area of the triangle with vertices $A(u,p)$, $B(v,q)$, and $C(w,r)$. (I changed the name of the matrix to $M$ so that we don't confuse it with the point $A$.)
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 18:32















up vote
4
down vote



accepted







up vote
4
down vote



accepted






Hint. Let $$f(u,v,w):=(v-w)^2(p-q)(p-r)+(w-u)^2(q-r)(q-p)+(u-v)^2(r-p)(r-q),.$$ Observe that
$$begin{align}f(u,v,w)&=big((v-w)pbig)^2+big((w-u)qbig)^2+big((u-v)rbig)^2\&phantom{aaaaa}+2,big((w-u)qbig),big((u-v)rbig)+2,big((u-v)rbig),big((v-w)pbig)+2,big((v-w)pbig),big((w-u)qbig),.end{align}$$
Therefore,
$$f(u,v,w)=Big(detbig(M(u,v,w)big)Big)^2,,$$ where $$M(u,v,w):=begin{bmatrix}1&p&u\1&q&v\1&r&wend{bmatrix},.$$






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Hint. Let $$f(u,v,w):=(v-w)^2(p-q)(p-r)+(w-u)^2(q-r)(q-p)+(u-v)^2(r-p)(r-q),.$$ Observe that
$$begin{align}f(u,v,w)&=big((v-w)pbig)^2+big((w-u)qbig)^2+big((u-v)rbig)^2\&phantom{aaaaa}+2,big((w-u)qbig),big((u-v)rbig)+2,big((u-v)rbig),big((v-w)pbig)+2,big((v-w)pbig),big((w-u)qbig),.end{align}$$
Therefore,
$$f(u,v,w)=Big(detbig(M(u,v,w)big)Big)^2,,$$ where $$M(u,v,w):=begin{bmatrix}1&p&u\1&q&v\1&r&wend{bmatrix},.$$







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share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Nov 21 at 18:34

























answered Nov 21 at 9:03









Batominovski

32.8k23191




32.8k23191












  • I think the parameters $u,v,w$ are the three vertices of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 10:53






  • 3




    Not quite. Treat the straight line as the $x$-axis. Then the coordinates of the points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are $(u,p)$, $(v,q)$, and $(w,r)$, respectively. Then your expression equals $f(p,q,r)+f(u,v,w)$, but of course, $f(p,q,r)=0$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 11:19










  • I don't see how the parameters can be employed, for defining $v-w:=a$,$w-u:=b$,$u-v:=c$ gives an unexpected result , $a+b+c=0$. Moreover, we need to eliminate $p,q,r$ from the expression of $det A$.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 13:23








  • 1




    That is not what I did. You note that $a^2=(q-r)^2+(v-w)^2$, $b^2=(r-p)^2+(w-u)^2$, and $c^2=(p-q)^2+(u-v)^2$. And the absolute value of $detbig(M(u,v,w)big)$ is precisely twice the area of the triangle with vertices $A(u,p)$, $B(v,q)$, and $C(w,r)$. (I changed the name of the matrix to $M$ so that we don't confuse it with the point $A$.)
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 18:32




















  • I think the parameters $u,v,w$ are the three vertices of the triangle.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 10:53






  • 3




    Not quite. Treat the straight line as the $x$-axis. Then the coordinates of the points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are $(u,p)$, $(v,q)$, and $(w,r)$, respectively. Then your expression equals $f(p,q,r)+f(u,v,w)$, but of course, $f(p,q,r)=0$.
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 11:19










  • I don't see how the parameters can be employed, for defining $v-w:=a$,$w-u:=b$,$u-v:=c$ gives an unexpected result , $a+b+c=0$. Moreover, we need to eliminate $p,q,r$ from the expression of $det A$.
    – Awe Kumar Jha
    Nov 21 at 13:23








  • 1




    That is not what I did. You note that $a^2=(q-r)^2+(v-w)^2$, $b^2=(r-p)^2+(w-u)^2$, and $c^2=(p-q)^2+(u-v)^2$. And the absolute value of $detbig(M(u,v,w)big)$ is precisely twice the area of the triangle with vertices $A(u,p)$, $B(v,q)$, and $C(w,r)$. (I changed the name of the matrix to $M$ so that we don't confuse it with the point $A$.)
    – Batominovski
    Nov 21 at 18:32


















I think the parameters $u,v,w$ are the three vertices of the triangle.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 10:53




I think the parameters $u,v,w$ are the three vertices of the triangle.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 10:53




3




3




Not quite. Treat the straight line as the $x$-axis. Then the coordinates of the points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are $(u,p)$, $(v,q)$, and $(w,r)$, respectively. Then your expression equals $f(p,q,r)+f(u,v,w)$, but of course, $f(p,q,r)=0$.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 11:19




Not quite. Treat the straight line as the $x$-axis. Then the coordinates of the points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are $(u,p)$, $(v,q)$, and $(w,r)$, respectively. Then your expression equals $f(p,q,r)+f(u,v,w)$, but of course, $f(p,q,r)=0$.
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 11:19












I don't see how the parameters can be employed, for defining $v-w:=a$,$w-u:=b$,$u-v:=c$ gives an unexpected result , $a+b+c=0$. Moreover, we need to eliminate $p,q,r$ from the expression of $det A$.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 13:23






I don't see how the parameters can be employed, for defining $v-w:=a$,$w-u:=b$,$u-v:=c$ gives an unexpected result , $a+b+c=0$. Moreover, we need to eliminate $p,q,r$ from the expression of $det A$.
– Awe Kumar Jha
Nov 21 at 13:23






1




1




That is not what I did. You note that $a^2=(q-r)^2+(v-w)^2$, $b^2=(r-p)^2+(w-u)^2$, and $c^2=(p-q)^2+(u-v)^2$. And the absolute value of $detbig(M(u,v,w)big)$ is precisely twice the area of the triangle with vertices $A(u,p)$, $B(v,q)$, and $C(w,r)$. (I changed the name of the matrix to $M$ so that we don't confuse it with the point $A$.)
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 18:32






That is not what I did. You note that $a^2=(q-r)^2+(v-w)^2$, $b^2=(r-p)^2+(w-u)^2$, and $c^2=(p-q)^2+(u-v)^2$. And the absolute value of $detbig(M(u,v,w)big)$ is precisely twice the area of the triangle with vertices $A(u,p)$, $B(v,q)$, and $C(w,r)$. (I changed the name of the matrix to $M$ so that we don't confuse it with the point $A$.)
– Batominovski
Nov 21 at 18:32




















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