Identify non-coding regions from a genome annotation
$begingroup$
I have this GTF file and I use the command below on a Linux machine to extract the coding regions of the genome:
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20==""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
How I could do the inverse and keep only non coding regions?
annotation genome gtf text-processing interval
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I have this GTF file and I use the command below on a Linux machine to extract the coding regions of the genome:
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20==""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
How I could do the inverse and keep only non coding regions?
annotation genome gtf text-processing interval
$endgroup$
2
$begingroup$
Do you want all non-coding regions of the genome or do you want all non-coding transcripts? These are two very different things.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:24
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I have this GTF file and I use the command below on a Linux machine to extract the coding regions of the genome:
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20==""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
How I could do the inverse and keep only non coding regions?
annotation genome gtf text-processing interval
$endgroup$
I have this GTF file and I use the command below on a Linux machine to extract the coding regions of the genome:
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20==""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
How I could do the inverse and keep only non coding regions?
annotation genome gtf text-processing interval
annotation genome gtf text-processing interval
edited Feb 22 at 19:06
Daniel Standage
2,575431
2,575431
asked Feb 22 at 12:20
Feresh TehFeresh Teh
45112
45112
2
$begingroup$
Do you want all non-coding regions of the genome or do you want all non-coding transcripts? These are two very different things.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:24
add a comment |
2
$begingroup$
Do you want all non-coding regions of the genome or do you want all non-coding transcripts? These are two very different things.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:24
2
2
$begingroup$
Do you want all non-coding regions of the genome or do you want all non-coding transcripts? These are two very different things.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
Do you want all non-coding regions of the genome or do you want all non-coding transcripts? These are two very different things.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:24
add a comment |
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
If you want all transcripts from that gtf file whose type isn't "protein_coding", you can use almost the same command, just change the ==
("is") to !=
("isn't"):
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
Or, a simpler version:
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"' gencode.gtf
Note that this will not include any of the havana transcripts in the file, but I am assuming that's what you want since that's what your original command did.
Specifically, the command will return the following types of transcript (the numbers on the left are the number of such transcripts in the file):
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"{print $20}' gencode.gtf | sort | uniq -c | sort -nk1
1 "translated_processed_pseudogene";
2 "Mt_rRNA";
3 "IG_J_pseudogene";
3 "TR_D_gene";
4 "TR_J_pseudogene";
5 "TR_C_gene";
10 "IG_C_pseudogene";
18 "IG_C_gene";
18 "IG_J_gene";
22 "Mt_tRNA";
25 "3prime_overlapping_ncrna";
27 "TR_V_pseudogene";
37 "IG_D_gene";
58 "non_stop_decay";
59 "polymorphic_pseudogene";
74 "TR_J_gene";
97 "TR_V_gene";
144 "IG_V_gene";
182 "unitary_pseudogene";
196 "IG_V_pseudogene";
330 "sense_overlapping";
387 "pseudogene";
442 "transcribed_processed_pseudogene";
531 "rRNA";
802 "sense_intronic";
860 "transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene";
1529 "snoRNA";
1923 "snRNA";
2050 "misc_RNA";
2549 "unprocessed_pseudogene";
3116 "miRNA";
9710 "antisense";
10623 "processed_pseudogene";
11780 "lincRNA";
13052 "nonsense_mediated_decay";
25955 "retained_intron";
28082 "processed_transcript";
You might also want to remove that "translated_processed_pseudogene" since that is actually translated into protein and is therefore technically coding:
awk '$3=="transcript" &&
$20!=""protein_coding";" &&
$20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"' gencode.gtf
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot, really thank you for saving me I could not solve that myself. How I can extract the below information from each line of resulting non-coding file chr1 29553 30039 ENSG00000243485.2 + gene_name "MIR1302-11"
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 20:29
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh you're welcome. I think you wantawk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";" && $20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"{print $1,$4,$5,$10,$7}' gencode.gtf
but, if not, please ask a new question about that.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 20:32
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot that returns all except gene name, this is output chr1 29554 31097 "ENSG00000243485.2"; +
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 21:15
1
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh please ask a new question so you can show exactly what output you need.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 21:17
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Getting the non coding regions of a protein coding transcript, sounds like you are looking for UTR.
UTR
has its own feature in the gtf file. So you can do this:
$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"' gencode.gtf
If the gtf file is compressed use this instead:
$ zcat gencode.gtf.gz | awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"'
BTW: Why are you using such an old release of gencode? The current version is v29.
$endgroup$
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Sorry, literally I need non coding regions of human genome, but for asking my question here I referred to coding parts too
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:53
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Sorry I tried hat but my output is empty
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:59
1
$begingroup$
As @Wouter tells you, the non coding region of a genome is the complement of the coding regions. Coding regions have its own feature in the gtf file. You can get them with$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="CDS"' gencode.gtf
. Reading the manual for bedtools complement is your task.
$endgroup$
– finswimmer
Feb 22 at 13:14
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Sorry but your commands return nothing, I mean not working returning empty file
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
The gtf file the OP has linked to includes non-coding transcripts (LINCs, pseudogenes, tRNAs etc). I am guessing this is what they're after.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:37
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
This isn't a problem that's easily solved with awk. It's not like you're extracting a feature that's annotated in the GTF file. Instead, you want the empty space between annotated features.
A few years ago I wrote a program called LocusPocus for a similar task. It uses a gene annotation to break down a genome into gene loci and intergenic regions. It handles overlapping annotations and other weirdness pretty robustly. The output will include both coding regions and non-coding regions, but you can identify the intergenic spaces as those with iLocus_type
equal to iiLocus
or fiLocus
.
Note: the --delta
parameter will extend each gene/transcript by 500bp by default.
Caveat: the program only accepts GFF3 input by default. Hopefully it won't be too hard to convert your GTF to GFF3.
Another caveat: eventual interpretation of these data will depend on what features are annotated in the genome and which annotations you include vs ignore. Do you want your non-coding regions to include non-coding genes, or should these be treated separately? Some non-coding regions will be full of transposable elements and other repetitive DNA, while others will have enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements. It's important to tread carefully before you jump to any conclusions.
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1
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Absolutely brilliant name! :)
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 19:32
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Sorry, thank you for explanation; After googling I see I actually need enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements of human genome to find cancer driver genes placed in these regions.
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 24 at 21:24
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Likely non-coding regions of genome are here
https://elifesciences.org/download/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4uZWxpZmVzY2llbmNlcy5vcmcvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjE3NzgvZWxpZmUtMjE3Nzgtc3VwcDQtdjMueGxzeA==/elife-21778-supp4-v3.xlsx?_hash=KQi5jfO3kT2c4Qw44j4Rg6YAyCBQilYuWHVYXcRDuuo%3D
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
If you want all transcripts from that gtf file whose type isn't "protein_coding", you can use almost the same command, just change the ==
("is") to !=
("isn't"):
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
Or, a simpler version:
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"' gencode.gtf
Note that this will not include any of the havana transcripts in the file, but I am assuming that's what you want since that's what your original command did.
Specifically, the command will return the following types of transcript (the numbers on the left are the number of such transcripts in the file):
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"{print $20}' gencode.gtf | sort | uniq -c | sort -nk1
1 "translated_processed_pseudogene";
2 "Mt_rRNA";
3 "IG_J_pseudogene";
3 "TR_D_gene";
4 "TR_J_pseudogene";
5 "TR_C_gene";
10 "IG_C_pseudogene";
18 "IG_C_gene";
18 "IG_J_gene";
22 "Mt_tRNA";
25 "3prime_overlapping_ncrna";
27 "TR_V_pseudogene";
37 "IG_D_gene";
58 "non_stop_decay";
59 "polymorphic_pseudogene";
74 "TR_J_gene";
97 "TR_V_gene";
144 "IG_V_gene";
182 "unitary_pseudogene";
196 "IG_V_pseudogene";
330 "sense_overlapping";
387 "pseudogene";
442 "transcribed_processed_pseudogene";
531 "rRNA";
802 "sense_intronic";
860 "transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene";
1529 "snoRNA";
1923 "snRNA";
2050 "misc_RNA";
2549 "unprocessed_pseudogene";
3116 "miRNA";
9710 "antisense";
10623 "processed_pseudogene";
11780 "lincRNA";
13052 "nonsense_mediated_decay";
25955 "retained_intron";
28082 "processed_transcript";
You might also want to remove that "translated_processed_pseudogene" since that is actually translated into protein and is therefore technically coding:
awk '$3=="transcript" &&
$20!=""protein_coding";" &&
$20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"' gencode.gtf
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot, really thank you for saving me I could not solve that myself. How I can extract the below information from each line of resulting non-coding file chr1 29553 30039 ENSG00000243485.2 + gene_name "MIR1302-11"
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 20:29
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh you're welcome. I think you wantawk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";" && $20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"{print $1,$4,$5,$10,$7}' gencode.gtf
but, if not, please ask a new question about that.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 20:32
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot that returns all except gene name, this is output chr1 29554 31097 "ENSG00000243485.2"; +
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 21:15
1
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh please ask a new question so you can show exactly what output you need.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 21:17
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If you want all transcripts from that gtf file whose type isn't "protein_coding", you can use almost the same command, just change the ==
("is") to !=
("isn't"):
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
Or, a simpler version:
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"' gencode.gtf
Note that this will not include any of the havana transcripts in the file, but I am assuming that's what you want since that's what your original command did.
Specifically, the command will return the following types of transcript (the numbers on the left are the number of such transcripts in the file):
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"{print $20}' gencode.gtf | sort | uniq -c | sort -nk1
1 "translated_processed_pseudogene";
2 "Mt_rRNA";
3 "IG_J_pseudogene";
3 "TR_D_gene";
4 "TR_J_pseudogene";
5 "TR_C_gene";
10 "IG_C_pseudogene";
18 "IG_C_gene";
18 "IG_J_gene";
22 "Mt_tRNA";
25 "3prime_overlapping_ncrna";
27 "TR_V_pseudogene";
37 "IG_D_gene";
58 "non_stop_decay";
59 "polymorphic_pseudogene";
74 "TR_J_gene";
97 "TR_V_gene";
144 "IG_V_gene";
182 "unitary_pseudogene";
196 "IG_V_pseudogene";
330 "sense_overlapping";
387 "pseudogene";
442 "transcribed_processed_pseudogene";
531 "rRNA";
802 "sense_intronic";
860 "transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene";
1529 "snoRNA";
1923 "snRNA";
2050 "misc_RNA";
2549 "unprocessed_pseudogene";
3116 "miRNA";
9710 "antisense";
10623 "processed_pseudogene";
11780 "lincRNA";
13052 "nonsense_mediated_decay";
25955 "retained_intron";
28082 "processed_transcript";
You might also want to remove that "translated_processed_pseudogene" since that is actually translated into protein and is therefore technically coding:
awk '$3=="transcript" &&
$20!=""protein_coding";" &&
$20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"' gencode.gtf
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot, really thank you for saving me I could not solve that myself. How I can extract the below information from each line of resulting non-coding file chr1 29553 30039 ENSG00000243485.2 + gene_name "MIR1302-11"
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 20:29
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh you're welcome. I think you wantawk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";" && $20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"{print $1,$4,$5,$10,$7}' gencode.gtf
but, if not, please ask a new question about that.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 20:32
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot that returns all except gene name, this is output chr1 29554 31097 "ENSG00000243485.2"; +
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 21:15
1
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh please ask a new question so you can show exactly what output you need.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 21:17
add a comment |
$begingroup$
If you want all transcripts from that gtf file whose type isn't "protein_coding", you can use almost the same command, just change the ==
("is") to !=
("isn't"):
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
Or, a simpler version:
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"' gencode.gtf
Note that this will not include any of the havana transcripts in the file, but I am assuming that's what you want since that's what your original command did.
Specifically, the command will return the following types of transcript (the numbers on the left are the number of such transcripts in the file):
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"{print $20}' gencode.gtf | sort | uniq -c | sort -nk1
1 "translated_processed_pseudogene";
2 "Mt_rRNA";
3 "IG_J_pseudogene";
3 "TR_D_gene";
4 "TR_J_pseudogene";
5 "TR_C_gene";
10 "IG_C_pseudogene";
18 "IG_C_gene";
18 "IG_J_gene";
22 "Mt_tRNA";
25 "3prime_overlapping_ncrna";
27 "TR_V_pseudogene";
37 "IG_D_gene";
58 "non_stop_decay";
59 "polymorphic_pseudogene";
74 "TR_J_gene";
97 "TR_V_gene";
144 "IG_V_gene";
182 "unitary_pseudogene";
196 "IG_V_pseudogene";
330 "sense_overlapping";
387 "pseudogene";
442 "transcribed_processed_pseudogene";
531 "rRNA";
802 "sense_intronic";
860 "transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene";
1529 "snoRNA";
1923 "snRNA";
2050 "misc_RNA";
2549 "unprocessed_pseudogene";
3116 "miRNA";
9710 "antisense";
10623 "processed_pseudogene";
11780 "lincRNA";
13052 "nonsense_mediated_decay";
25955 "retained_intron";
28082 "processed_transcript";
You might also want to remove that "translated_processed_pseudogene" since that is actually translated into protein and is therefore technically coding:
awk '$3=="transcript" &&
$20!=""protein_coding";" &&
$20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"' gencode.gtf
$endgroup$
If you want all transcripts from that gtf file whose type isn't "protein_coding", you can use almost the same command, just change the ==
("is") to !=
("isn't"):
awk '{if($3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"){print $0}}' gencode.gtf
Or, a simpler version:
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"' gencode.gtf
Note that this will not include any of the havana transcripts in the file, but I am assuming that's what you want since that's what your original command did.
Specifically, the command will return the following types of transcript (the numbers on the left are the number of such transcripts in the file):
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";"{print $20}' gencode.gtf | sort | uniq -c | sort -nk1
1 "translated_processed_pseudogene";
2 "Mt_rRNA";
3 "IG_J_pseudogene";
3 "TR_D_gene";
4 "TR_J_pseudogene";
5 "TR_C_gene";
10 "IG_C_pseudogene";
18 "IG_C_gene";
18 "IG_J_gene";
22 "Mt_tRNA";
25 "3prime_overlapping_ncrna";
27 "TR_V_pseudogene";
37 "IG_D_gene";
58 "non_stop_decay";
59 "polymorphic_pseudogene";
74 "TR_J_gene";
97 "TR_V_gene";
144 "IG_V_gene";
182 "unitary_pseudogene";
196 "IG_V_pseudogene";
330 "sense_overlapping";
387 "pseudogene";
442 "transcribed_processed_pseudogene";
531 "rRNA";
802 "sense_intronic";
860 "transcribed_unprocessed_pseudogene";
1529 "snoRNA";
1923 "snRNA";
2050 "misc_RNA";
2549 "unprocessed_pseudogene";
3116 "miRNA";
9710 "antisense";
10623 "processed_pseudogene";
11780 "lincRNA";
13052 "nonsense_mediated_decay";
25955 "retained_intron";
28082 "processed_transcript";
You might also want to remove that "translated_processed_pseudogene" since that is actually translated into protein and is therefore technically coding:
awk '$3=="transcript" &&
$20!=""protein_coding";" &&
$20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"' gencode.gtf
edited Feb 22 at 20:22
answered Feb 22 at 18:34
terdon♦terdon
4,6302830
4,6302830
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot, really thank you for saving me I could not solve that myself. How I can extract the below information from each line of resulting non-coding file chr1 29553 30039 ENSG00000243485.2 + gene_name "MIR1302-11"
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 20:29
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh you're welcome. I think you wantawk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";" && $20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"{print $1,$4,$5,$10,$7}' gencode.gtf
but, if not, please ask a new question about that.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 20:32
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot that returns all except gene name, this is output chr1 29554 31097 "ENSG00000243485.2"; +
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 21:15
1
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh please ask a new question so you can show exactly what output you need.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 21:17
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot, really thank you for saving me I could not solve that myself. How I can extract the below information from each line of resulting non-coding file chr1 29553 30039 ENSG00000243485.2 + gene_name "MIR1302-11"
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 20:29
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh you're welcome. I think you wantawk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";" && $20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"{print $1,$4,$5,$10,$7}' gencode.gtf
but, if not, please ask a new question about that.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 20:32
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot that returns all except gene name, this is output chr1 29554 31097 "ENSG00000243485.2"; +
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 21:15
1
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh please ask a new question so you can show exactly what output you need.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 21:17
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot, really thank you for saving me I could not solve that myself. How I can extract the below information from each line of resulting non-coding file chr1 29553 30039 ENSG00000243485.2 + gene_name "MIR1302-11"
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 20:29
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot, really thank you for saving me I could not solve that myself. How I can extract the below information from each line of resulting non-coding file chr1 29553 30039 ENSG00000243485.2 + gene_name "MIR1302-11"
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 20:29
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh you're welcome. I think you want
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";" && $20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"{print $1,$4,$5,$10,$7}' gencode.gtf
but, if not, please ask a new question about that.$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 20:32
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh you're welcome. I think you want
awk '$3=="transcript" && $20!=""protein_coding";" && $20!=""translated_processed_pseudogene";"{print $1,$4,$5,$10,$7}' gencode.gtf
but, if not, please ask a new question about that.$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 20:32
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot that returns all except gene name, this is output chr1 29554 31097 "ENSG00000243485.2"; +
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 21:15
$begingroup$
Thanks a lot that returns all except gene name, this is output chr1 29554 31097 "ENSG00000243485.2"; +
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 21:15
1
1
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh please ask a new question so you can show exactly what output you need.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 21:17
$begingroup$
@FereshTeh please ask a new question so you can show exactly what output you need.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 21:17
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Getting the non coding regions of a protein coding transcript, sounds like you are looking for UTR.
UTR
has its own feature in the gtf file. So you can do this:
$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"' gencode.gtf
If the gtf file is compressed use this instead:
$ zcat gencode.gtf.gz | awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"'
BTW: Why are you using such an old release of gencode? The current version is v29.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Sorry, literally I need non coding regions of human genome, but for asking my question here I referred to coding parts too
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:53
$begingroup$
Sorry I tried hat but my output is empty
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:59
1
$begingroup$
As @Wouter tells you, the non coding region of a genome is the complement of the coding regions. Coding regions have its own feature in the gtf file. You can get them with$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="CDS"' gencode.gtf
. Reading the manual for bedtools complement is your task.
$endgroup$
– finswimmer
Feb 22 at 13:14
$begingroup$
Sorry but your commands return nothing, I mean not working returning empty file
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
The gtf file the OP has linked to includes non-coding transcripts (LINCs, pseudogenes, tRNAs etc). I am guessing this is what they're after.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:37
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
Getting the non coding regions of a protein coding transcript, sounds like you are looking for UTR.
UTR
has its own feature in the gtf file. So you can do this:
$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"' gencode.gtf
If the gtf file is compressed use this instead:
$ zcat gencode.gtf.gz | awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"'
BTW: Why are you using such an old release of gencode? The current version is v29.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Sorry, literally I need non coding regions of human genome, but for asking my question here I referred to coding parts too
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:53
$begingroup$
Sorry I tried hat but my output is empty
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:59
1
$begingroup$
As @Wouter tells you, the non coding region of a genome is the complement of the coding regions. Coding regions have its own feature in the gtf file. You can get them with$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="CDS"' gencode.gtf
. Reading the manual for bedtools complement is your task.
$endgroup$
– finswimmer
Feb 22 at 13:14
$begingroup$
Sorry but your commands return nothing, I mean not working returning empty file
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
The gtf file the OP has linked to includes non-coding transcripts (LINCs, pseudogenes, tRNAs etc). I am guessing this is what they're after.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:37
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
Getting the non coding regions of a protein coding transcript, sounds like you are looking for UTR.
UTR
has its own feature in the gtf file. So you can do this:
$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"' gencode.gtf
If the gtf file is compressed use this instead:
$ zcat gencode.gtf.gz | awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"'
BTW: Why are you using such an old release of gencode? The current version is v29.
$endgroup$
Getting the non coding regions of a protein coding transcript, sounds like you are looking for UTR.
UTR
has its own feature in the gtf file. So you can do this:
$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"' gencode.gtf
If the gtf file is compressed use this instead:
$ zcat gencode.gtf.gz | awk -v FS="t" '$3=="UTR"'
BTW: Why are you using such an old release of gencode? The current version is v29.
edited Feb 22 at 13:15
answered Feb 22 at 12:50
finswimmerfinswimmer
1,002210
1,002210
$begingroup$
Sorry, literally I need non coding regions of human genome, but for asking my question here I referred to coding parts too
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:53
$begingroup$
Sorry I tried hat but my output is empty
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:59
1
$begingroup$
As @Wouter tells you, the non coding region of a genome is the complement of the coding regions. Coding regions have its own feature in the gtf file. You can get them with$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="CDS"' gencode.gtf
. Reading the manual for bedtools complement is your task.
$endgroup$
– finswimmer
Feb 22 at 13:14
$begingroup$
Sorry but your commands return nothing, I mean not working returning empty file
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
The gtf file the OP has linked to includes non-coding transcripts (LINCs, pseudogenes, tRNAs etc). I am guessing this is what they're after.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:37
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
Sorry, literally I need non coding regions of human genome, but for asking my question here I referred to coding parts too
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:53
$begingroup$
Sorry I tried hat but my output is empty
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:59
1
$begingroup$
As @Wouter tells you, the non coding region of a genome is the complement of the coding regions. Coding regions have its own feature in the gtf file. You can get them with$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="CDS"' gencode.gtf
. Reading the manual for bedtools complement is your task.
$endgroup$
– finswimmer
Feb 22 at 13:14
$begingroup$
Sorry but your commands return nothing, I mean not working returning empty file
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
The gtf file the OP has linked to includes non-coding transcripts (LINCs, pseudogenes, tRNAs etc). I am guessing this is what they're after.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:37
$begingroup$
Sorry, literally I need non coding regions of human genome, but for asking my question here I referred to coding parts too
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:53
$begingroup$
Sorry, literally I need non coding regions of human genome, but for asking my question here I referred to coding parts too
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:53
$begingroup$
Sorry I tried hat but my output is empty
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:59
$begingroup$
Sorry I tried hat but my output is empty
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 12:59
1
1
$begingroup$
As @Wouter tells you, the non coding region of a genome is the complement of the coding regions. Coding regions have its own feature in the gtf file. You can get them with
$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="CDS"' gencode.gtf
. Reading the manual for bedtools complement is your task.$endgroup$
– finswimmer
Feb 22 at 13:14
$begingroup$
As @Wouter tells you, the non coding region of a genome is the complement of the coding regions. Coding regions have its own feature in the gtf file. You can get them with
$ awk -v FS="t" '$3=="CDS"' gencode.gtf
. Reading the manual for bedtools complement is your task.$endgroup$
– finswimmer
Feb 22 at 13:14
$begingroup$
Sorry but your commands return nothing, I mean not working returning empty file
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
Sorry but your commands return nothing, I mean not working returning empty file
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 22 at 18:24
$begingroup$
The gtf file the OP has linked to includes non-coding transcripts (LINCs, pseudogenes, tRNAs etc). I am guessing this is what they're after.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:37
$begingroup$
The gtf file the OP has linked to includes non-coding transcripts (LINCs, pseudogenes, tRNAs etc). I am guessing this is what they're after.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:37
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
This isn't a problem that's easily solved with awk. It's not like you're extracting a feature that's annotated in the GTF file. Instead, you want the empty space between annotated features.
A few years ago I wrote a program called LocusPocus for a similar task. It uses a gene annotation to break down a genome into gene loci and intergenic regions. It handles overlapping annotations and other weirdness pretty robustly. The output will include both coding regions and non-coding regions, but you can identify the intergenic spaces as those with iLocus_type
equal to iiLocus
or fiLocus
.
Note: the --delta
parameter will extend each gene/transcript by 500bp by default.
Caveat: the program only accepts GFF3 input by default. Hopefully it won't be too hard to convert your GTF to GFF3.
Another caveat: eventual interpretation of these data will depend on what features are annotated in the genome and which annotations you include vs ignore. Do you want your non-coding regions to include non-coding genes, or should these be treated separately? Some non-coding regions will be full of transposable elements and other repetitive DNA, while others will have enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements. It's important to tread carefully before you jump to any conclusions.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Absolutely brilliant name! :)
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 19:32
$begingroup$
Sorry, thank you for explanation; After googling I see I actually need enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements of human genome to find cancer driver genes placed in these regions.
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 24 at 21:24
add a comment |
$begingroup$
This isn't a problem that's easily solved with awk. It's not like you're extracting a feature that's annotated in the GTF file. Instead, you want the empty space between annotated features.
A few years ago I wrote a program called LocusPocus for a similar task. It uses a gene annotation to break down a genome into gene loci and intergenic regions. It handles overlapping annotations and other weirdness pretty robustly. The output will include both coding regions and non-coding regions, but you can identify the intergenic spaces as those with iLocus_type
equal to iiLocus
or fiLocus
.
Note: the --delta
parameter will extend each gene/transcript by 500bp by default.
Caveat: the program only accepts GFF3 input by default. Hopefully it won't be too hard to convert your GTF to GFF3.
Another caveat: eventual interpretation of these data will depend on what features are annotated in the genome and which annotations you include vs ignore. Do you want your non-coding regions to include non-coding genes, or should these be treated separately? Some non-coding regions will be full of transposable elements and other repetitive DNA, while others will have enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements. It's important to tread carefully before you jump to any conclusions.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Absolutely brilliant name! :)
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 19:32
$begingroup$
Sorry, thank you for explanation; After googling I see I actually need enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements of human genome to find cancer driver genes placed in these regions.
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 24 at 21:24
add a comment |
$begingroup$
This isn't a problem that's easily solved with awk. It's not like you're extracting a feature that's annotated in the GTF file. Instead, you want the empty space between annotated features.
A few years ago I wrote a program called LocusPocus for a similar task. It uses a gene annotation to break down a genome into gene loci and intergenic regions. It handles overlapping annotations and other weirdness pretty robustly. The output will include both coding regions and non-coding regions, but you can identify the intergenic spaces as those with iLocus_type
equal to iiLocus
or fiLocus
.
Note: the --delta
parameter will extend each gene/transcript by 500bp by default.
Caveat: the program only accepts GFF3 input by default. Hopefully it won't be too hard to convert your GTF to GFF3.
Another caveat: eventual interpretation of these data will depend on what features are annotated in the genome and which annotations you include vs ignore. Do you want your non-coding regions to include non-coding genes, or should these be treated separately? Some non-coding regions will be full of transposable elements and other repetitive DNA, while others will have enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements. It's important to tread carefully before you jump to any conclusions.
$endgroup$
This isn't a problem that's easily solved with awk. It's not like you're extracting a feature that's annotated in the GTF file. Instead, you want the empty space between annotated features.
A few years ago I wrote a program called LocusPocus for a similar task. It uses a gene annotation to break down a genome into gene loci and intergenic regions. It handles overlapping annotations and other weirdness pretty robustly. The output will include both coding regions and non-coding regions, but you can identify the intergenic spaces as those with iLocus_type
equal to iiLocus
or fiLocus
.
Note: the --delta
parameter will extend each gene/transcript by 500bp by default.
Caveat: the program only accepts GFF3 input by default. Hopefully it won't be too hard to convert your GTF to GFF3.
Another caveat: eventual interpretation of these data will depend on what features are annotated in the genome and which annotations you include vs ignore. Do you want your non-coding regions to include non-coding genes, or should these be treated separately? Some non-coding regions will be full of transposable elements and other repetitive DNA, while others will have enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements. It's important to tread carefully before you jump to any conclusions.
edited Feb 22 at 19:14
answered Feb 22 at 19:03
Daniel StandageDaniel Standage
2,575431
2,575431
1
$begingroup$
Absolutely brilliant name! :)
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 19:32
$begingroup$
Sorry, thank you for explanation; After googling I see I actually need enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements of human genome to find cancer driver genes placed in these regions.
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 24 at 21:24
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
Absolutely brilliant name! :)
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 19:32
$begingroup$
Sorry, thank you for explanation; After googling I see I actually need enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements of human genome to find cancer driver genes placed in these regions.
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 24 at 21:24
1
1
$begingroup$
Absolutely brilliant name! :)
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 19:32
$begingroup$
Absolutely brilliant name! :)
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 19:32
$begingroup$
Sorry, thank you for explanation; After googling I see I actually need enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements of human genome to find cancer driver genes placed in these regions.
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 24 at 21:24
$begingroup$
Sorry, thank you for explanation; After googling I see I actually need enhancers, promoters, or other regulatory elements of human genome to find cancer driver genes placed in these regions.
$endgroup$
– Feresh Teh
Feb 24 at 21:24
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Likely non-coding regions of genome are here
https://elifesciences.org/download/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4uZWxpZmVzY2llbmNlcy5vcmcvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjE3NzgvZWxpZmUtMjE3Nzgtc3VwcDQtdjMueGxzeA==/elife-21778-supp4-v3.xlsx?_hash=KQi5jfO3kT2c4Qw44j4Rg6YAyCBQilYuWHVYXcRDuuo%3D
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Likely non-coding regions of genome are here
https://elifesciences.org/download/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4uZWxpZmVzY2llbmNlcy5vcmcvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjE3NzgvZWxpZmUtMjE3Nzgtc3VwcDQtdjMueGxzeA==/elife-21778-supp4-v3.xlsx?_hash=KQi5jfO3kT2c4Qw44j4Rg6YAyCBQilYuWHVYXcRDuuo%3D
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Likely non-coding regions of genome are here
https://elifesciences.org/download/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4uZWxpZmVzY2llbmNlcy5vcmcvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjE3NzgvZWxpZmUtMjE3Nzgtc3VwcDQtdjMueGxzeA==/elife-21778-supp4-v3.xlsx?_hash=KQi5jfO3kT2c4Qw44j4Rg6YAyCBQilYuWHVYXcRDuuo%3D
$endgroup$
Likely non-coding regions of genome are here
https://elifesciences.org/download/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4uZWxpZmVzY2llbmNlcy5vcmcvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjE3NzgvZWxpZmUtMjE3Nzgtc3VwcDQtdjMueGxzeA==/elife-21778-supp4-v3.xlsx?_hash=KQi5jfO3kT2c4Qw44j4Rg6YAyCBQilYuWHVYXcRDuuo%3D
answered Feb 24 at 22:47
Feresh TehFeresh Teh
45112
45112
add a comment |
add a comment |
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2
$begingroup$
Do you want all non-coding regions of the genome or do you want all non-coding transcripts? These are two very different things.
$endgroup$
– terdon♦
Feb 22 at 18:24