Prove ${|C_a^n|}$ is decreasing starting from some $k$ given $C_a^n = frac{a(a-1)(a-2)dots(a-n+1)}{n!}$











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Let $C_a^n$ be defined as:
$$
begin{cases}
C_a^n = frac{a(a-1)(a-2)dots(a-n+1)}{n!}\
bin mathbb N \
a in mathbb R \
C_a^0 = 1
end{cases}
$$

Prove that ${|C_a^n|}$ is decreasing starting from some index $k in mathbb N$.




Since we are dealing with absolute values lets find out when the given sequence is bounded. Consider consecutive terms:



$$
frac{C_{a}^{n+1}}{C_a^n} = frac{n!}{(n+1)!}cdot(a - n)
$$

Now inspect absolute values:



$$
frac{|C_{a}^{n+1}|}{|C_a^n|} = frac{1}{n+1}cdot|a-n| = frac{|n-a|}{n+1}
$$



So clearly the sequence is bounded only in case $a ge -1$. Before this one i've also shown that $C_a^n$ is bounded in case $a ge -1$ and unbounded in case $a < -1$ which was a generalization of this question.



My further thoughts were as follows. Let's take for instance $a = 3.5$ then the sequence becomes:



$$
C_{3.5}^n = frac{3.5(3.5-1)(3.5-2)(3.5-3)cdots(3.5-n+1)}{n!} = \
= frac{3.5}{1} cdot frac{2.5}{2} cdot frac{1.5}{3}cdot cdots cdot frac{3.5-n+1}{n}
$$



This instance of sequence is increasing for $n<3$ and then starts decreasing. After playing around with different cases of $a$ it seems like the index $k$ is in the form:



$$
k_0 =leftlceilfrac{a-1}{2}rightrceil
$$



To give more insights here is a visualization of the sequence.



My thoughts above do not feel like formal ones and $k_0$ is obtained by a guess so i would like to see a formal proof of what's in problem statement.



I know that $C_a^n$ has somewhat to deal with the Gamma function, but this question is in precalculus level. Thank you.










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    up vote
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    down vote

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    Let $C_a^n$ be defined as:
    $$
    begin{cases}
    C_a^n = frac{a(a-1)(a-2)dots(a-n+1)}{n!}\
    bin mathbb N \
    a in mathbb R \
    C_a^0 = 1
    end{cases}
    $$

    Prove that ${|C_a^n|}$ is decreasing starting from some index $k in mathbb N$.




    Since we are dealing with absolute values lets find out when the given sequence is bounded. Consider consecutive terms:



    $$
    frac{C_{a}^{n+1}}{C_a^n} = frac{n!}{(n+1)!}cdot(a - n)
    $$

    Now inspect absolute values:



    $$
    frac{|C_{a}^{n+1}|}{|C_a^n|} = frac{1}{n+1}cdot|a-n| = frac{|n-a|}{n+1}
    $$



    So clearly the sequence is bounded only in case $a ge -1$. Before this one i've also shown that $C_a^n$ is bounded in case $a ge -1$ and unbounded in case $a < -1$ which was a generalization of this question.



    My further thoughts were as follows. Let's take for instance $a = 3.5$ then the sequence becomes:



    $$
    C_{3.5}^n = frac{3.5(3.5-1)(3.5-2)(3.5-3)cdots(3.5-n+1)}{n!} = \
    = frac{3.5}{1} cdot frac{2.5}{2} cdot frac{1.5}{3}cdot cdots cdot frac{3.5-n+1}{n}
    $$



    This instance of sequence is increasing for $n<3$ and then starts decreasing. After playing around with different cases of $a$ it seems like the index $k$ is in the form:



    $$
    k_0 =leftlceilfrac{a-1}{2}rightrceil
    $$



    To give more insights here is a visualization of the sequence.



    My thoughts above do not feel like formal ones and $k_0$ is obtained by a guess so i would like to see a formal proof of what's in problem statement.



    I know that $C_a^n$ has somewhat to deal with the Gamma function, but this question is in precalculus level. Thank you.










    share|cite|improve this question


























      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite












      Let $C_a^n$ be defined as:
      $$
      begin{cases}
      C_a^n = frac{a(a-1)(a-2)dots(a-n+1)}{n!}\
      bin mathbb N \
      a in mathbb R \
      C_a^0 = 1
      end{cases}
      $$

      Prove that ${|C_a^n|}$ is decreasing starting from some index $k in mathbb N$.




      Since we are dealing with absolute values lets find out when the given sequence is bounded. Consider consecutive terms:



      $$
      frac{C_{a}^{n+1}}{C_a^n} = frac{n!}{(n+1)!}cdot(a - n)
      $$

      Now inspect absolute values:



      $$
      frac{|C_{a}^{n+1}|}{|C_a^n|} = frac{1}{n+1}cdot|a-n| = frac{|n-a|}{n+1}
      $$



      So clearly the sequence is bounded only in case $a ge -1$. Before this one i've also shown that $C_a^n$ is bounded in case $a ge -1$ and unbounded in case $a < -1$ which was a generalization of this question.



      My further thoughts were as follows. Let's take for instance $a = 3.5$ then the sequence becomes:



      $$
      C_{3.5}^n = frac{3.5(3.5-1)(3.5-2)(3.5-3)cdots(3.5-n+1)}{n!} = \
      = frac{3.5}{1} cdot frac{2.5}{2} cdot frac{1.5}{3}cdot cdots cdot frac{3.5-n+1}{n}
      $$



      This instance of sequence is increasing for $n<3$ and then starts decreasing. After playing around with different cases of $a$ it seems like the index $k$ is in the form:



      $$
      k_0 =leftlceilfrac{a-1}{2}rightrceil
      $$



      To give more insights here is a visualization of the sequence.



      My thoughts above do not feel like formal ones and $k_0$ is obtained by a guess so i would like to see a formal proof of what's in problem statement.



      I know that $C_a^n$ has somewhat to deal with the Gamma function, but this question is in precalculus level. Thank you.










      share|cite|improve this question
















      Let $C_a^n$ be defined as:
      $$
      begin{cases}
      C_a^n = frac{a(a-1)(a-2)dots(a-n+1)}{n!}\
      bin mathbb N \
      a in mathbb R \
      C_a^0 = 1
      end{cases}
      $$

      Prove that ${|C_a^n|}$ is decreasing starting from some index $k in mathbb N$.




      Since we are dealing with absolute values lets find out when the given sequence is bounded. Consider consecutive terms:



      $$
      frac{C_{a}^{n+1}}{C_a^n} = frac{n!}{(n+1)!}cdot(a - n)
      $$

      Now inspect absolute values:



      $$
      frac{|C_{a}^{n+1}|}{|C_a^n|} = frac{1}{n+1}cdot|a-n| = frac{|n-a|}{n+1}
      $$



      So clearly the sequence is bounded only in case $a ge -1$. Before this one i've also shown that $C_a^n$ is bounded in case $a ge -1$ and unbounded in case $a < -1$ which was a generalization of this question.



      My further thoughts were as follows. Let's take for instance $a = 3.5$ then the sequence becomes:



      $$
      C_{3.5}^n = frac{3.5(3.5-1)(3.5-2)(3.5-3)cdots(3.5-n+1)}{n!} = \
      = frac{3.5}{1} cdot frac{2.5}{2} cdot frac{1.5}{3}cdot cdots cdot frac{3.5-n+1}{n}
      $$



      This instance of sequence is increasing for $n<3$ and then starts decreasing. After playing around with different cases of $a$ it seems like the index $k$ is in the form:



      $$
      k_0 =leftlceilfrac{a-1}{2}rightrceil
      $$



      To give more insights here is a visualization of the sequence.



      My thoughts above do not feel like formal ones and $k_0$ is obtained by a guess so i would like to see a formal proof of what's in problem statement.



      I know that $C_a^n$ has somewhat to deal with the Gamma function, but this question is in precalculus level. Thank you.







      sequences-and-series algebra-precalculus upper-lower-bounds monotone-functions






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      edited Nov 19 at 16:49

























      asked Nov 19 at 16:43









      roman

      1,03711016




      1,03711016



























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