How to rotate a coordinate system to find the unstable manifold.











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I am considering the dynamical system:
$u'=v-0.25(v-u)^2$
$v'=u(1+v)+0.25(u+v)^2$



I have calculated the linear stable and unstable manifold as,
$E^s=sp(1,1)$ and $E^u=sp(-1,1)$ for eigenvalues $-1$ and $1$ respectively. I did this by calculating the linear eigenvalues and vectors and then using the defintions for the linear stable and unstable manifolds:



$E^s$
is the eigenspace corresponding to the eigenvalues with negative real parts. Let $v_1, . . . , v_k ⊂ R^n$
be the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues of $D(bar{x})f$ having negative real parts.
$E^s = sp{v_1, . . . , v_k}$.



$E^u$ is equivalent for a positive eigenvalue.



I am now trying to calculate an approximation for the unstable manifold but believe I should transform my system so that the linear unstable manifold is of the form ${(x,0):xinRe} but I am unsure on how to this.



My initial idea was to let $y=tilde{y}-1$ but that doesn't satisfy the above for all y, which is where I am confused.










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    I am considering the dynamical system:
    $u'=v-0.25(v-u)^2$
    $v'=u(1+v)+0.25(u+v)^2$



    I have calculated the linear stable and unstable manifold as,
    $E^s=sp(1,1)$ and $E^u=sp(-1,1)$ for eigenvalues $-1$ and $1$ respectively. I did this by calculating the linear eigenvalues and vectors and then using the defintions for the linear stable and unstable manifolds:



    $E^s$
    is the eigenspace corresponding to the eigenvalues with negative real parts. Let $v_1, . . . , v_k ⊂ R^n$
    be the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues of $D(bar{x})f$ having negative real parts.
    $E^s = sp{v_1, . . . , v_k}$.



    $E^u$ is equivalent for a positive eigenvalue.



    I am now trying to calculate an approximation for the unstable manifold but believe I should transform my system so that the linear unstable manifold is of the form ${(x,0):xinRe} but I am unsure on how to this.



    My initial idea was to let $y=tilde{y}-1$ but that doesn't satisfy the above for all y, which is where I am confused.










    share|cite|improve this question
























      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite











      I am considering the dynamical system:
      $u'=v-0.25(v-u)^2$
      $v'=u(1+v)+0.25(u+v)^2$



      I have calculated the linear stable and unstable manifold as,
      $E^s=sp(1,1)$ and $E^u=sp(-1,1)$ for eigenvalues $-1$ and $1$ respectively. I did this by calculating the linear eigenvalues and vectors and then using the defintions for the linear stable and unstable manifolds:



      $E^s$
      is the eigenspace corresponding to the eigenvalues with negative real parts. Let $v_1, . . . , v_k ⊂ R^n$
      be the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues of $D(bar{x})f$ having negative real parts.
      $E^s = sp{v_1, . . . , v_k}$.



      $E^u$ is equivalent for a positive eigenvalue.



      I am now trying to calculate an approximation for the unstable manifold but believe I should transform my system so that the linear unstable manifold is of the form ${(x,0):xinRe} but I am unsure on how to this.



      My initial idea was to let $y=tilde{y}-1$ but that doesn't satisfy the above for all y, which is where I am confused.










      share|cite|improve this question













      I am considering the dynamical system:
      $u'=v-0.25(v-u)^2$
      $v'=u(1+v)+0.25(u+v)^2$



      I have calculated the linear stable and unstable manifold as,
      $E^s=sp(1,1)$ and $E^u=sp(-1,1)$ for eigenvalues $-1$ and $1$ respectively. I did this by calculating the linear eigenvalues and vectors and then using the defintions for the linear stable and unstable manifolds:



      $E^s$
      is the eigenspace corresponding to the eigenvalues with negative real parts. Let $v_1, . . . , v_k ⊂ R^n$
      be the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues of $D(bar{x})f$ having negative real parts.
      $E^s = sp{v_1, . . . , v_k}$.



      $E^u$ is equivalent for a positive eigenvalue.



      I am now trying to calculate an approximation for the unstable manifold but believe I should transform my system so that the linear unstable manifold is of the form ${(x,0):xinRe} but I am unsure on how to this.



      My initial idea was to let $y=tilde{y}-1$ but that doesn't satisfy the above for all y, which is where I am confused.







      manifolds dynamical-systems coordinate-systems transformation stability-theory






      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question











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      share|cite|improve this question










      asked Nov 13 at 9:49









      KieranSQ

      708




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          1 Answer
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          begin{align}
          u'&=v-frac14(v-u)^2\
          v'&=u(1+v)+frac14(u+v)^2
          end{align}

          With the transformation $U=u+v$, $V=u-v$ (there is no real need to use rotations, the scaling here doesn't hurt), you get
          begin{align}
          U'&=U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2\
          V'&=-V-frac12U^2\
          end{align}

          The unstable manifold $mathcal{U}$ is, to linear approximation, $V=0$.
          So to obtain better approximations, we can impose an ansatz
          $$
          V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots
          $$

          and see what invariance gives us. Differentiating, we get $V'=(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)U'$. Substituting for $U',V'$ from the differential equation (by invariance), we have
          $$
          -V-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)(U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2)
          $$

          and substituting our ansatz $V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots$,
          begin{multline}
          -(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)times\left(U-frac12(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)^2+frac12U^2right)
          end{multline}

          Equating coefficients,
          begin{align}
          -a_2-frac12&=2a_2&a_2&=-frac16\
          -a_3&=a_2+3a_3 & a_3&=frac1{24}\
          -a_4&=frac32a_3+4a_4 & a_4&=-frac1{80}\&&vdots
          end{align}

          Finally, you might want to transform back to the original $u,v$ coordinates.






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • Ok, I think I follow what you have done but why do you choose the transformation you do?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Shouldn't for the coeff $U^3: -a_3=a_2^2+3a_3+a_2$?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Where does the $a_2^2$ come from?
            – user10354138
            yesterday











          Your Answer





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          up vote
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          down vote













          begin{align}
          u'&=v-frac14(v-u)^2\
          v'&=u(1+v)+frac14(u+v)^2
          end{align}

          With the transformation $U=u+v$, $V=u-v$ (there is no real need to use rotations, the scaling here doesn't hurt), you get
          begin{align}
          U'&=U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2\
          V'&=-V-frac12U^2\
          end{align}

          The unstable manifold $mathcal{U}$ is, to linear approximation, $V=0$.
          So to obtain better approximations, we can impose an ansatz
          $$
          V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots
          $$

          and see what invariance gives us. Differentiating, we get $V'=(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)U'$. Substituting for $U',V'$ from the differential equation (by invariance), we have
          $$
          -V-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)(U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2)
          $$

          and substituting our ansatz $V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots$,
          begin{multline}
          -(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)times\left(U-frac12(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)^2+frac12U^2right)
          end{multline}

          Equating coefficients,
          begin{align}
          -a_2-frac12&=2a_2&a_2&=-frac16\
          -a_3&=a_2+3a_3 & a_3&=frac1{24}\
          -a_4&=frac32a_3+4a_4 & a_4&=-frac1{80}\&&vdots
          end{align}

          Finally, you might want to transform back to the original $u,v$ coordinates.






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • Ok, I think I follow what you have done but why do you choose the transformation you do?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Shouldn't for the coeff $U^3: -a_3=a_2^2+3a_3+a_2$?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Where does the $a_2^2$ come from?
            – user10354138
            yesterday















          up vote
          1
          down vote













          begin{align}
          u'&=v-frac14(v-u)^2\
          v'&=u(1+v)+frac14(u+v)^2
          end{align}

          With the transformation $U=u+v$, $V=u-v$ (there is no real need to use rotations, the scaling here doesn't hurt), you get
          begin{align}
          U'&=U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2\
          V'&=-V-frac12U^2\
          end{align}

          The unstable manifold $mathcal{U}$ is, to linear approximation, $V=0$.
          So to obtain better approximations, we can impose an ansatz
          $$
          V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots
          $$

          and see what invariance gives us. Differentiating, we get $V'=(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)U'$. Substituting for $U',V'$ from the differential equation (by invariance), we have
          $$
          -V-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)(U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2)
          $$

          and substituting our ansatz $V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots$,
          begin{multline}
          -(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)times\left(U-frac12(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)^2+frac12U^2right)
          end{multline}

          Equating coefficients,
          begin{align}
          -a_2-frac12&=2a_2&a_2&=-frac16\
          -a_3&=a_2+3a_3 & a_3&=frac1{24}\
          -a_4&=frac32a_3+4a_4 & a_4&=-frac1{80}\&&vdots
          end{align}

          Finally, you might want to transform back to the original $u,v$ coordinates.






          share|cite|improve this answer





















          • Ok, I think I follow what you have done but why do you choose the transformation you do?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Shouldn't for the coeff $U^3: -a_3=a_2^2+3a_3+a_2$?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Where does the $a_2^2$ come from?
            – user10354138
            yesterday













          up vote
          1
          down vote










          up vote
          1
          down vote









          begin{align}
          u'&=v-frac14(v-u)^2\
          v'&=u(1+v)+frac14(u+v)^2
          end{align}

          With the transformation $U=u+v$, $V=u-v$ (there is no real need to use rotations, the scaling here doesn't hurt), you get
          begin{align}
          U'&=U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2\
          V'&=-V-frac12U^2\
          end{align}

          The unstable manifold $mathcal{U}$ is, to linear approximation, $V=0$.
          So to obtain better approximations, we can impose an ansatz
          $$
          V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots
          $$

          and see what invariance gives us. Differentiating, we get $V'=(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)U'$. Substituting for $U',V'$ from the differential equation (by invariance), we have
          $$
          -V-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)(U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2)
          $$

          and substituting our ansatz $V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots$,
          begin{multline}
          -(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)times\left(U-frac12(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)^2+frac12U^2right)
          end{multline}

          Equating coefficients,
          begin{align}
          -a_2-frac12&=2a_2&a_2&=-frac16\
          -a_3&=a_2+3a_3 & a_3&=frac1{24}\
          -a_4&=frac32a_3+4a_4 & a_4&=-frac1{80}\&&vdots
          end{align}

          Finally, you might want to transform back to the original $u,v$ coordinates.






          share|cite|improve this answer












          begin{align}
          u'&=v-frac14(v-u)^2\
          v'&=u(1+v)+frac14(u+v)^2
          end{align}

          With the transformation $U=u+v$, $V=u-v$ (there is no real need to use rotations, the scaling here doesn't hurt), you get
          begin{align}
          U'&=U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2\
          V'&=-V-frac12U^2\
          end{align}

          The unstable manifold $mathcal{U}$ is, to linear approximation, $V=0$.
          So to obtain better approximations, we can impose an ansatz
          $$
          V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots
          $$

          and see what invariance gives us. Differentiating, we get $V'=(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)U'$. Substituting for $U',V'$ from the differential equation (by invariance), we have
          $$
          -V-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)(U-frac12V^2+frac12U^2)
          $$

          and substituting our ansatz $V=a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots$,
          begin{multline}
          -(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)-frac12U^2 =(2a_2U+3a_3U^2+4a_4U^3+dots)times\left(U-frac12(a_2U^2+a_3U^3+a_4U^4+dots)^2+frac12U^2right)
          end{multline}

          Equating coefficients,
          begin{align}
          -a_2-frac12&=2a_2&a_2&=-frac16\
          -a_3&=a_2+3a_3 & a_3&=frac1{24}\
          -a_4&=frac32a_3+4a_4 & a_4&=-frac1{80}\&&vdots
          end{align}

          Finally, you might want to transform back to the original $u,v$ coordinates.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Nov 13 at 10:52









          user10354138

          6,214623




          6,214623












          • Ok, I think I follow what you have done but why do you choose the transformation you do?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Shouldn't for the coeff $U^3: -a_3=a_2^2+3a_3+a_2$?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Where does the $a_2^2$ come from?
            – user10354138
            yesterday


















          • Ok, I think I follow what you have done but why do you choose the transformation you do?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Shouldn't for the coeff $U^3: -a_3=a_2^2+3a_3+a_2$?
            – KieranSQ
            2 days ago










          • Where does the $a_2^2$ come from?
            – user10354138
            yesterday
















          Ok, I think I follow what you have done but why do you choose the transformation you do?
          – KieranSQ
          2 days ago




          Ok, I think I follow what you have done but why do you choose the transformation you do?
          – KieranSQ
          2 days ago












          Shouldn't for the coeff $U^3: -a_3=a_2^2+3a_3+a_2$?
          – KieranSQ
          2 days ago




          Shouldn't for the coeff $U^3: -a_3=a_2^2+3a_3+a_2$?
          – KieranSQ
          2 days ago












          Where does the $a_2^2$ come from?
          – user10354138
          yesterday




          Where does the $a_2^2$ come from?
          – user10354138
          yesterday


















           

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